The Tate Modern: History and Development

The Tate con jury-rigged History and DevelopmentInstitutions in the Arts and Media G tout ensembleeries and the rise of the ar twork market Focusing on the Tate recent. (UK)The dazzling advant season of the Tate Modern has exist to everywherewhelm Tate Britain( tuneerly the Tate impulsion.) But, says Tate coach Nicholas Serota, Brit trick was thriving long onward Hirst et al re modernisticedLondons international status. (Taken from The Timeout Guide to Tate Britain, Nov 2001.)In his Foreword to Tate Modern The Handbook, Director Lars Nittve writes every m manipulationum is unique Tate Moderns individuality lies non righteous in its ingathering or its locationbut besides in its architecture.Indeed, what was once known as the Tate movement has underg ane a major overhaul. T present ar now four branches two in London ( adept at Millbank the Tate Modern at Bankside one in St. Ives and one in Liverpool). According to Nittve, the Tate at Millbank use to be the egotism-ag grandising mother ship, where everything sat-curators, administration, conservation, etc. this instant were moving to roughlything more(prenominal) like a federation.This paper everyow for take a tightfitting look at the Tate Modern, first exploring its singular report and its architectural uniqueness. We go away then concenter on the wealth and mix of its hookup, which is divided into four basic themes landscape, soundless life, history painting, and nudes. Fin eithery, we will examine the Tate Modern in the the large manakin of contemporary ruse and media, taking note of its influence on the UK art market, and measuring its status in the international art beingness.History of the Tate ModernNicholas Serota was ap peaked Director of the Tate at Millbank in 1988, and shortly after this refractory to embark on a number of modifications. In an attempt to re-establish the trustworthy architectural integrity of the Millbank building, Serota heady to remove all signs o f artifice. He decided to obliterate the false ceilings and temporary walls. He withal decided upon a major reorganisation of the collection.Welcome as these changes whitethorn have been, they also brought to light the particular that in that respect was simply not enough quadruplet to implement all these changes if the museum were to remain in its current setting. This eventually light-emitting diode to the decision to expand, a move which has had far-reaching effects in the art world, not just in the UK but internationally.The search for a in the buff order ultimately light-emitting diode to the old Bankside bureau property. Originally designed and construct after the Second World War, the Bankside Power military post was the work of Giles sarin Scott, a respected British architect. Scott also designed the now defunct power target at Battersea, as well as the Liverpool Angli tramp Cathedral. He is scoop out known, however, as the designer of the once ubiquitous telep hone box (Craig-Martin, 14).Michael Craig-Martin, one of the trustees assigned to investigating potential points for the cutting Tate, notes thatThe Bankside building was notable for its discernible red brick exterior and the powerful symmetry of its horizontal mass bisected at the centre by a star tall, square chimney. The building was articulate on three sides by a series of immense, well-detailed windows. The only decoration came from the brickwork crenellation along the buildings edging, cleverly mitigating its grand bulk (Craig-Martin, 14-15).The discovery of the Bankside Power Station opened up new vistas for the trustees of the new Tate. First of all was the issue of sizing the Bankside Power Station was larger than any of them had imagined. Adjusting their expectations to implicate such a vast quad opened up an merely new perspective as well as a world of possibility.Second, of all, building yet they had assumed that they would be commissioning abuilding yethere was the power put up, basically intact. They now had to consider the possibility that there would be no choose to raze the existing building and start over what if they were to work with the existing structure, and make changes as requisiteed? This, clearly, would be a break from the way things were traditionally done. indeed, after visiting the Bankside Power Station, the trustees stack of what the new gallery could be began to change, and their preconceived notions were replaced by exciting new creations (Craig-Martin, 15).The existence of so many a(prenominal) positive factors convinced the trustees that the Bankside site was the beaver selection as the new site of the home of modern art. non only were the possibilities were inviting also to be considered was the location, which was ideal the possibility of development and the pursuance and support of the local government.Location was certainly a major esteem this London location boasted first-rate transport facili ties, including the new tube station at Southwark. In addition, there was the possibility of a river bank confederacy with the Millbank gallery(Craig-Martin, 15). And the local Southwark Council wasted no clock in acknowledging the potential blow this could have on the local community, an area much in need of a pecuniary and industrial boost The local council, Southwark, recognising the potential strike of the Tate project on development and employment in this largely bolt area, en theniastically supported it from the start (Craig-Martin, 15).Architectural DesignRelocation to the Bankside site meant opened up a wealth of prospect for the Tate. Forstarters, the vast size of it of the building meant that the Tate would be able tomore than double its capacity for showing its collection as well as housing major large-scale temporary exhibitions (Craig-Martin, 15). Beyond this, the possibilities seemed even more exciting even after expansion, there would be a vast expanse of unto uched quadrangle, leaving the possibilities for advance proceeds and capacity for even greater acquisitions wide open.But questions of how to address and re-design this space still had to be sorted out. DirectorNicholas Serota enlisted the assistance of Trustee Michael Craig-Martin andsculptor tone Woodrow to visit some of the newer museums of contemporary art onthe Continent, and to consider them critically from our point of view asartists (Craig-Martin, 17). In this way, Serota doed to beaver utilize the newspace, with an eye on art, sort of than architecture.After visiting a number of modern museums, Martin and Woodrow found that for the roughly part,modern museums better served the interests of architects and architecture than those of art and artists. Clearly the interests of art were not the primal consideration of those chosen to design the space that would best show reason it. many architects clearly considered designing a museum to be a prime opportunity for high -profile signature work. On the other hand few architects seemed truly to get word or be interested in the needs of art (Craig-Martin, 17).They describe these findings to Serota and the other trustees, with the ultimate result that there was a shift in the thinking behind the architectural approach. Now, thecentral concern of the design of the new building would be to address the needs of art through the lumber of the galleries and the range ofopportunities, both sympathetic and challenging, for showing art. sequence seeking the best possible architectural solution, we de experi moral conditionined that the project would be art led not architecture led (Craig-Martin, 17).The decision ofthe trustees was not a normal one in many circles. Architects in grouchy felt deprived, seeing the decision only in light of their own potential growth or lack thereof Some, seeing this as the betrayal of a unique architectural opportunity for London, interpreted it as the result of a loss of i nstitutional nerve (Craig-Martin, 17).Ultimately, Herzog de Meuron were selected to be the architects. They were the only ones whose design managed to keep the building intact without making major changes to its basic structure, to appreciate the beaut and value already inherent in the existing structure Herzog de Meurons was the only proposal that completely accepted the existing building its form, its materials and its industrial characteristics and proverb the solution to be the trans set upion of the building itself into an art gallery (Craig-Martin, 17).Indeed, as pointed out by shrewdness Guides Tate Modern has captured the publics imagination in a quite unprecedented way, both for its displays and its building, which establishes a magnificent presence on the South Bank (194).The CollectionInsight Guides affirms that the arrangement of the collection makes it both more accessible to, and more popular with, the general public (194). sooner of achronology, the work is org anized by a four separate (though avowedly overlapping) themes. The displays replace a single historical account with many antithetical stories of artistic activity and suggest their relationship to the wider social and cultural history of the 20th and early 21stcentury (Insight Guides 194).The four themes are, basically landscape, still life, history painting, and nudes. indoors each of these broad themes it is possible to explore a rich sentence structure of intention and strategy, (Blazwick Morris, 35).Landscape/Matter/EnvironmentWhen one thinks of landscapes, a variety of scenes may come to mind waves crashing on a rocky set down a horizon of dark, menacing c chintzys skyscrapers silhouetted against a sunset. As Blazwick Morris point out, the musical genre of landscape is primarily understood as a representation of a natural or urban scene, which might be topographic, metaphoric or sublime (35). At the Tate Modern, however, the genre of landscape has been reconceived to i nclude the zone of the imaginary, supernatural dreamscapes, symbolic visualisations of anxiety and desire (Blazwick Morris, 35).As Jennifer Mundy points out, landscape is an ambiguous term and rotter have several overlapping meanings much of its resonance derives from the practically uncertain boundary among nature and coating, the objective and the exampleive (42). Thus a landscape may be a faithful explanation of the physical world, such as the dreamy middle-class realmsides of Impressionism. Or it may be symbolic rendering of an interior landscape, such as the more obscure works of the Surrealists.The Tate Moderns Landscape collection tries to reflect the range and multifariousness of this genre, while also addressing the complex terror of modern technology. As Mundy notes,at once the threat posed to the environment by modern technology and the growth of the human beings population has made the natural landscape a topical, even urgent, subject for art (50).StillLife/O bject/Real LifePaul Moorhouse posits that among the many cornerstone developments in the visual arts during the last hundred eld, one of the closely significant has been the extraordinary growth and transformation of the genre known as still life (60). By the period of Cubism, still life no longer meant an apple on a plate, but rather the complexness of the relationship of the objects to each other and to the viewer The inertness of such objects as a glass, a bottle, a pipe or a newspaper provided a perfect vehicle for evoking the complex phenomenological relationships between such artefacts, the surrounding space and the viewer perceiving them (62).The Tate Moderns collection is a reflection of the evolution of the form referred to as still life, and which straight take defies definition. According to Moorhouse, this fusion of the actual and the symbolic has nominated the conditions for a remarkable vitality and diversity in contemporary art (68), a vitality and diversity ref lected in the Tate Moderns ever-changing representations of the genre.History/Memory/ confederationThe concept of history/memory/society is wide-ranging and ambitious, perhaps by choice so. Public morality, politics, ideology, idealism and suffering among other themes still preoccupy artists today comments Jeremy Lewison (88). The Tate Modern collection attempts to represent these themes as they are expressed in modernity, while reflecting the continuum in which they necessarily exist. Clearly this is an ambitious task, considering the multitude of methods utilise to express and relate these concepts across the ages.The study of history has descended to the micro level, posits Lewison, adding that it has been, in a sentiency, democratised. History is no longer solely the provenance of leaders and heroes it is rather, in the hands of the common individual. The artists of today have followed a connatural course, Lewison suggests, and, by employing the same strategies, by opening t hemselves to techniques and concepts derived from the human and social sciences, artists today address issues relevant to contemporary life (88).Nude/Action/ automobile t containkAmong the close ancient man-made objects recognisable as belonging to the course of instruction that we callart are small naked human figures carved from stone or ivory posits SimonWilson (96). Clearly, as humans we are obsessed with representations of the body and this has been reflected throughout history.The final decades of the twentieth century have seen remarkable changes in the concept of the human body. Significant advances in technology, combined with the lengthened lifespans of our population, have spurred a re-thinking of what the body is indeed, at whiles it has seemed to become objectified. These changes are of course reflected in art.As Wilson points out, during this time period artists began to use their own body as the expressive medium, initially creating necessarily ephemeral works in t he form of what became known as Performance art (104). This, in conjunction with use of various media such as film, video, and still photography, is all part of the Tate Moderns curriculum in accurately capturing and representing this genre.The Tate Modern and the International Art WorldThe success of the Tate Modern may have initially seemed to eclipse the Tate Britain however, a reaction like this surely had to have been expected. The selection of Giles Gilbert Scotts Bankside Power Station as its new home was itself a newsworthy event. The subsequent choice of Herzog de Meuron as architects eventd considerable buzz in the art world and the country at large. Therefore it issmall wonder that when it finally opened its doors, the world was indeed dazzled by the Tate Modern.Stephen Deuchar, Director of the Tate Britain, writes in the Foreward to Humphreys bookthe creation in 2000 of Tate Modern and Tate Britain as distinctive entities with the Tate organisation, were initial steps towards the renaissance of Millbank. Now, with many new galleries for displays and exhibitions, and with a future programme setting our collections withina plethora of new contexts, national and international, our role here as the worlds centre for the study and use of dangerouss and services of British art may emergewith fresh clarityThere is, however, no doubt that the Tate Modern will play an influential role in the art world. It is unique in conception, as noted earlier, because it was carefully designed to meet the needs of the artist, as opposed to those of the architect. As Craig-Martin pointed out, while seeking the best possible architectural solution, we determined that the project would be art led not architecture led(17).In addition, there is the simple, yet vitally important issue of size and space alone. The discovery of the Bankside Power Station opened up new vistas for the trustees of the new Tate. Bankside Power Station was larger than any of them had imagined, and the process of adjusting their expectations to include such a vast space opened up an entirely new perspective. Not only were the possibilities were inviting also to be considered was the location, which was ideal the possibility of development and the interest and support of the local government.Beyond the mere physical properties such as architecture and size are the ways in which these attributes are utilised. The vision of the Tate Modern thus far seems to be on the cutting edge. The best museums of the future willseek to elicit different modes and levels of interpretation by subtle juxtapositions of mother writes Nicholas Serota. He shape up asserts that the best museums will contain somerooms and works that will be fixed, the end star around which the others will turnin this way we can expect to create a matrix of changing relationshipsto be explored by visitors according to their particular interests and sensibilities (54-55).As Deuchar hassaid, we no longer choose to relate a single narrative of British art and culture, but to explore a profit of stories round art and close to Britain, with our collections at its core (Foreward to Humphreys book). And has Nittve has pointed out the Tate at Millbank used to be the big mother ship, where everything sat curators, administration, conservation, etc. Now were moving to something more like a federation (Frankel).The Tate Modern, the necessary prolongation of this core, may in fact be viewed as a depot star in itself, at the forefront of the modern art scene, with a world of limitless potential ahead.Reference ListAdams, Brooks, Lisa Jardine, Martin Maloney, Norman Rosenthal, and Richard Shone. 1997. good sense Young British Artists from the Saatchi Collection. London munificent Academy of Arts.Blazwick, Iwona and Frances Morris. 2000. Showing the ordinal Century. In Tate Modern The Handbook, eds. Iwona Blazwick and Simon Wilson, pp. 28-39. Berkeley U of CA insistency with Tate Gallery publica tion Limited.Craig-Martin, Michael. 2000. Towards Tate Modern. In Tate Modern The Handbook, eds. Iwona Blazwick and Simon Wilsonpp. 12-23.Berkeley U of CA Press with Tate Gallery publish Limited.Frankel, David. April 2000. Art Forum.http//www.24hourscholar.com/p/articles/mi_m0268/is_8_38/ai_61907715Accessed May 26, 2005.Humphreys, Richard. 2001. The Tate Britain Companion to British Art. London TatePublishing.Insight Guides Museums and Galleries of London. 2002. Basingstoke, Hants GeoCenter InternationalLtd.Lewison, Jeremy. 2000. History Memory/Society. In Tate Modern The Handbook, eds. Iwona Blazwickand Simon Wilsonpp. 74-93. Berkeley U of CA Press, with Tate Gallery Publishing Limited.Massey, Doreen. 2000. Bankside International Local. In Tate Modern The Handbook, eds. Iwona Blazwick and Simon Wilsonpp. 24-27.Berkeley U of CA Press with Tate Gallery Publishing Limited.Moorhouse, Paul. Still Life/Object/RealLife. 2000. In Tate Modern The Handbook, eds. Iwona Blazwickand Simon Wils onpp. 58-73. Berkeley U of CA Press with Tate Gallery Publishing Limited.Mundy, Jennifer. 2000.Landscape/Matter/Environment. In Tate Modern The Handbook,eds. Iwona Blazwick and Simon Wilsonpp. 40-53.Berkeley U of CA Press with Tate Gallery Publishing Limited.Serota, Nicholas. 1996. go through or Interpretation The Dilemma of Museums of Modern Art. WalterNeurath Memorial Lectures, London Birkbeck College.Shone, Richard. 1997. From set aside to House 1988-94. In Sensation Young BritishArtists from the Saatchi Collection. London Royal Academy of Arts.Wilson, David M., ed. 1989. The Collections of the British Museum. London British MuseumPress.Wilson, Simon. 2000. Nude/Action/Body. InTate Modern The Handbook, eds. Iwona Blazwick and Simon Wilsonpp. 94-107. Berkeley U of CA Press with Tate Gallery Publishing Limited.What is moral health?What is noetic health?What is affable health? intellectual health refers to our emotional wellbeing, it is all about how we think, savor and beh ave.The relevance of working with uncomplainings with noetic health problems for me will be a challenge to start with. While on my placement I come across many diligents why are suffering with Alzheimer and Dementia and most are suffering with mental health disorders of various kinds.In my central discussion I signify to cover the case of one forbearing heeld Joe who has metal health problems.Mental health is a term that encompasses a range of experiences and situations. It can be an on tone ending experience from mental wellbeing through to a staring(a) and enduring mental illness affecting a persons boilersuit emotional and psychological condition. Incidents in life such as bereavement, financial and personal happiness such as the way we feel about ourselves can lead to depression and anxiety.Mental illness may be experienced by throng who have a mental health problem to such a degree that they may be diagnosed as having a mental illness, requiring the involvement of spec ialist services and support. Consequently, some concourse with mental illness will need no support, others may need only occasional support, and still others may require more substantial, current support to maintain their quality of life.To understand the difference between mental health and mental illness specifically relates to both the length of time and severity of the changes to a persons behaviour thought patterns and display of emotions. The more unrelenting and lengthy the impact of these changes, the more a person may crusade to manage their everyday life and the greater the chances of them developing a mental illness.One mental health problem that an individual may experience could be through the loss of a loved one. People who are already suffering with a mental health issues are red to find that the trauma of discovering that some one who they loved has passed away will be an even greater burden on their already mental fragility. Such feelings that one will experien ce after being told about the final stage of a close relation can range from depression, suicidal thoughts, feelings of hopelessness, loneliness and unable to cope with daily life.The mental health asseverate of this individual patient would give me a lot of concerns after such a shock as a bereavement of a close relative. His mental health state out front this news was given to him, was endowment me great concerns as he was already showing signs of suicidal tendencies. This gentlemens modest was one of a frail individual lacking any self esteem and of a nervous disposition. Other symptoms noticed were a sense of instability, inability to communicate verbally in a precise and graspable manner.As a nurse the care and assistance I can assist the patient with would be to speak to the patient in a quieter no(prenominal) judgmental manner and listen in attentively to what the patient has to say dependant on the severity of the mental illness the patient suffering and his behavior would really be an indication as to what help I could be most useful to assisting him/her in. If the patients mental illness is severe and of a violent nature the nurse would have to understand her bound and abilities before confronting the patient. Otherwise one you could do more harm than good and put your self in danger. If you as a nurse feel comfortable and confident in your own judgment with the placement you can then start to shed and listen to what the patient has to say. It is important to talk to the patient in a non professional spoken manner, using none technical word and phrases, so that the patient feels comfortable and confident in your approach to them.For this assignment the chosen topic will be depression. The patient in this case study will have his name protected by the NMC code of professional conduct 2009 and for that matter he will be referred to as Joe. Joe was admitted into hospital during my placement.Joe was admitted onto the ward after suffering a fra ctured femur when he send away to the ground coming down his steps in his house. He was calling out for help and was discovered one hour later by a neighbour who was passing by his house.On admission Joes medical notes indicated that Joe has a history of depression and is on a daily medication of Fluoxetine which has a brand name of Prozac.Joe is British gentlemen aged 68 years old and Joe has now been disjunct from his wife for the last 8 years. He has three grown up sons but does not now have any contact or get any support from them. Joe dwells alone in a council run flat and his occupation was a bus driver.His depression over the years had made him isolated and a reclusive person.He stated that he had been a depressive person on and stumble for his whole life and that his depressive state had only now in old age become a hindrance to his normal lifestyle, thus accumulating in recent bouts of dizziness, fainting and the subsequent recess of bones after falls. Joe was quite luc ky this time around in that his fall from the stairs was quite a short fall of some 4 steps, if he had fallen from the top flight of stairs he could be in hospital with far greater injuries than what he actually sustained and his fall could have been fatal.ReferenceMental health http//www.liv.ac.uk/counserv/self_help/mental_health/definition_mhealth.htm diversity illness and health Bowers, L. The Social Nature of Mental Illness, 1998, Routledge. ruin Studies of Grief in Adult Life (Paperback) by Colin Murray Parkes (Author), Holly Prigerson (Author) 1st mutant 1972, page 1AppendixAction PlanSummary The recital Of Deirdre EssaySummary The tarradiddle Of Deirdre EssayIn the middle ages, there were a lot of stories written that were tied together with the culture in which they were written by. Some even had an intense connection with the author that wrote them. A few examples are Thorstein the Staff- Struck in which was tied with the Norse culture, Everyman which has a Christian tie, and The Story of Deirdre with an Irish Celtic tie. To me the one that has the strongest tie to its culture is that of The Story of Deirdre and the Celtic culture. Just from reading the story and knowing a little about the Celtic culture will make this evident. So Ill start by giving you a little terra firma or brief summary from the story.First Ill start by giving you a brief summary of The Story of Deirdre. The story started off with a gathering of warriors and counselors and their wives and kids. The host is Felim MacDall. His wife is pregnant with a child. tout ensemble of a sudden the unborn child screams from within its mother loud enough for all of the guests to hear it. After so a Druid named Cathbad tells the presage of the child. It is a girl and she will be named Deirdre, but she will cause a great amount of grief and also cause the death of many kings. Hearing this prophecy the King of Ulster, Conchubar mac Nessa urgencyed Deirdre for himself. So her family agree and gave her to him. He thought he would wait for her to turn of marrying age and then they would be together forever. However a young warrior named Naoise came and Deirdre fell in love with him. They eventually ran away together causing a great deal of anger with Conchubar mac Nessa. Time passed and Conchubar mac Nessa agreed to let them return to the kingdom unharmed. That was a lie. Naoise was killed. But still Deirdre didnt want him so he gave her to one of his warriors, MacDurthacht. Deirdre couldnt stand the fact that she was being used like this so while she was in a chariot going down the road she put her head out of the window and buckram it on some passing rocks, which killed her.In a few split of that summary the Irish Celtic culture ties in with The Story of Deirdre. The get-go in which they are all gathered up is one. It is very usual of the Irish Heroic Age tradition for it all to start off with a large gathering where they are eating and drinking. The supernatura l holler of the unborn child also added to this tradition. Then the next thing would be the entrance of a druid. The druid comes in and gives a prophecy that sets the outcome of the future. wholly of these examples ties the story with an Irish Heroic Age tradition.Another connection between the Irish Celtic culture and The Story of Deirdre is how Deirdre kills herself. The Irish Celtic people believed that the skull was where the soul rested, not the heart. The Celtic people were well known for the fact that they were the only known to date head hunters. They cut the heads off of the warriors they killed because they believed it to pose them supernatural abilities. as well when one of them died, the remaining living warriors would find the drained warriors bodies and crack their skulls. This was because they believe that the soul could not travel to the afterlife if it were not possible for it to leave the skull. So in the case of Deirdre she wasnt going to hold life with Conc hubar mac Nessa and his warrior so she decided to kill herself. But without cinch her skull, her soul wouldnt be able to move on to the afterlife. So in a split second she hung her head out of the Carriage window and cracked her head against some passing rocks.The Story of Deirdre also portrays its characters as being associated with the manner in which the Celtic personalities were portrayed then and continue to be portrayed now. One example is that of Conchubar mac Nessa. He mean on marrying Deirdre from before she was even born. This meant that he had to wait till she rancid of age. This was often the case in the Celtic culture. Old men would sustain a marriage to a young teenage girl before she was even the age to birth a child. This happened often with high class-conscious men such as counselors, warriors, and high up others. Also the girls that they hold up marriage to often had a high social status themselves, most being kings or counselors daughters. Another example in which The Story of Deirdre ties in with the Celtic culture is that it has a similar format in which all of the other stories followed. Started off with a large group of people banquet or just a basic meeting. The characters are all basically believable but then it adds a supernatural event. In this case the unborn child screaming from within its mothers womb. The rest of the story is change with a controversy between to highly rated people, until the death of one of them. Also the story was based on the determination of fate. Deirdre was destined to cause all of this drama and also the death of these men.The middle ages period was filled with great works of literature that reflected the culture in which it was written and some of the time even reflected the author that wrote it. The stories I mentioned in the beginning are just a few examples that can be used to prove this true. The Story of Deirdre gave a good insight into the Celtic culture. Whether it be the characters persona lities in the stories, the format in which the story was written, or the actions of some of the characters, Deirdre bashing her head on the rocks.