Respiratory System Mechanics Essay

1.) When you forcefully give-up the ghost your entire expiratory reserve majority, any aerate remain in your lungs is called the residual volume (RV). Why is it impossible to further cash in ones chips the RV (that is, where is this tenor volume trapped, and why is it trapped?)This dead pose of air needs to stay in your lungs constantly otherwise the lung go forth completely deflate. If the lung has every bit of air sucked out of it, it will bug out and need to be re-inflated.2.) How do you measure a persons RV in a laboratory?By the air stay in the lung3.) Draw a spirogram that depicts a persons volumes and capacities forward and during a significant cough.Additional Questions for military action 1.The following questions refer to exercise 1 Measuring Respiratory Volumes and Calculating Capacitates1.) What would be an example of an quotidian respiratory event the ERV button Stimulates? forced expiration2.) What additional gaunt muscles ar utilized in an ERV activity? abdominal-wall muscles and the internal intercostal muscles bid3.) What was the FEV1 (%) at the initial radius of 5.00 mm?73.9%4.) What happened to the FEV1 (%) as the radius of the air vogues diminish? How intumesce did the ensues canvas with your prediction?FEV1 (%) slighten proportionally with the radius5.) pardon why the results from the experiment suggest that there is an obstructive, quite than a restrictive, pulmonic problem.The FEV1 (%) decreased proportionally as the radius decreased, characteristic of an obstructive pneumonic problemActivity 2 Comparative SpriometryChart 2 Spirometery Results affected role TypeTV (ml)ERV(ml)IRV(ml)RV (ml)FVC (ml)TLC(ml)FEV1(ml)FEV1 (%)Normal50015003000 g-force50006000400080%Emphysema5007502000275032506000162550%Acute asthma attack fervidness3007502700225037506000150040%Plus inhaler50015002800120048006000384080% guarded transaction1875112520001000ND6000NDNDHeavy exercise36507506001000ND6000NDND1.) Why is residual volume (RV) above universal in a patient with emphysema?The lungs vacant slower than customary.2.) Why did the asthmatic patients inhaler medicinal drug fail to shine all volumes and capacities to normal values right out grimace?The smooth muscle in the bronchioles didnt return to normal cocksure mucus still blocks the respiratory tract.3.) Looking at the spirograms generated in this activity, state an simplified way to determine whether a persons exercising run is lower or heavy.The to a greater extent rapid the lines the more heavier the exercise.Additional Questions for Activity 2.The following questions refer to Activity 2 Comparative Spirometry1.) What lung values changed (From those of the normal patient) in the spirogram when the patient with emphysema was selected? Why did these values change as they did? How well did the results compare with your prediction?ERV, IRV, RV, FVC, FEV, and FEV1 (%) all changed these are due to the freeing of elastic recoil2.) Which of these two p arameters changed more for the patient with emphysema, the FVC or the FEV1? FEV1 decreased significantly more3.) What lung values changed (from those of the normal patient) in the spirogram when the patient experiencing an precipitous asthma attack was selected? Why did these values change as they did? How well did the results compare with your prediction?TV, ERV, IRV, RV, FVC, FEV1, and FEV1 (%) all changed due to restriction of the airways4.) How is having an acute asthma attack similar to having emphysema? How is it different?Similar because obstructive diseases characterized by increased airway resistance Different because more difficult to exhale with emphysema that with asthma5.) Describe the effect that the inhaler medication had on the asthmatic patient. Did all the spirogram values return to normal? Why do you think some values did not return all the way to normal? How well did the results compare with your prediction?Returned to normal were TV, ERV, FEV1 (%) smooth muscle s in the bronchioles didnt return to normal blue mucus still blocks the airway6.) How much of an increase in FEV1 do you think is required to be considered significantly improved by the medication? 10-15% improvement7.) With moderate aerophilic exercise, which changed more from normal breathing, the ERV or the IRV? How well did the results compare with your prediction?IRV changed more with moderate activity8.) Compare the breathing rates during normal breathing, moderate exercise,and heavy exercise. TV increased over normal breathing with both(prenominal) moderate and heavy exercise.Activity 3. Effect of Surfactant and Intrapleural cart on RespirationChart 3 Effect of Surfactant and Intrapleural Pressure on Respiration SurfactantIntrapleural constrict left (atm)Intrapleural pressure right (atm)flow of air left(ml.min)Airflow right(ml/min)Total Airflow(ml/min)0-4-449.6949.6999.382-4-469.5669.56139.134-4-489.4489.44178.880-4-449.6449.6499.3800.00-40.0049.6449.6900.00-40.0049.6949. 690-4-449.6949.6999.381.) Why is normal quiet breathing so difficult for premature infants?They dont have much surfactant.2.) Why does a pneumothorax frequently lad to atelectasis?If the lungs are broken down mechanically, then the chances of developing increased.Additional Questions for Activity 3The following questions refer to Activity 3 Effect of Surfactant and Intrapleural Pressure on Respiration1.) What effect does the addition of surfactant have on the airflow? How well did the results compare with your prediction?AIrflow increases because resistance is cut down2.) Why does surfactant affect airflow in this manner?It decreases fold up tension in the alveoli making it easier for the alveoli to increase surface area for liquid exchange.3.) What effect did opening the valve on the left lung? Why does this happen?The lung get arounds because the pressure in the pleural nether region was less than the intrapulmonary pressure air flows from the lungs, causing it to collapse4.) What effect on the collapsed lung in the left side of the glass bell jar did you observe when you closed the valve? How well did the results compare with your prediction?It caused the lung to collapse because the pressure in the pleural perdition is less than the intrapulmonary pressure. Air flows from the lungs causing the collapse of the lung.5.) What emergency medical human body does opening the left valve simulate?A collapsed lung (pneumothorax) is a buildup of air in the space between the lung and the chest wall (pleural space). As the amount of air in this space increases, the pressure against the lung causes the lung to collapse6.) In the last part of the activity, you clicked the Reset button to draw the air out of the intrapleural space and return the lung to its normal resting condition. What emergency procedure would be used to achieve this result if these were the lungs in a living person?A chest by insertion of tube to draw air out of pleural cavity and restore the p ressure gradient7.) What do you think would happen when the valve is assailable if the two lungs were in a single large cavity rather than separate cavities?If both lung were in a single large cavity rather than separate cavity when valve was open the entire lung will collapse and there will be no extra lung to breath with and cobblers last would occur much sooner.