HISTORY OF MOTION PICTURES Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

chronicle OF MOTION PICTURES - Research Paper ExampleTheir accomplishments, pioneering efforts and new techniques arguably led the way in the apparent proceeding, gum olibanum making these two directors arguably the most prestigious snapmakers of this period.According Taylor (1964), the French New Wave movement started with Roger Vadim, a young man in his late 20s, was married to starlet Brigitte Bardot, and was allowed to direct a film feature Bardot, and this 1956 film, titled Et Dieu crea la femme became an enormous critical and commercial success (Taylor, 1964, p. 201). This made producers more willing to chanceon younger directors, and the New Wave movement was born in France. Taylor states that the influential figures in this movement include directors Jaques Rivette, best known for his strange, elusive, haunting film Paris Nous Appartient (Taylor, 1964, p. 201) Jacques Demy, known for Lola a film which is known for its genuine feeling, wit and charm. Screenwriter Marce l Moussy is also mentioned by Taylor as being influential in the movement, as screenplays for Les Quatre Cents Coups, Tirez sur le pianist and St. Tropez Blues displayed the sort of free-wheeling youthful grace and impudence so many more pretentious films have striven for and signally failed to achieve (Taylor, 1964, p. 202). Documentarians Agnes Varda, who produced documentaries that were reflections on her own personality and Jean Rouche, who displayed mise en scene and cinema verite techniques in his documentaries about African subjects, were also considered influential in the movement (Taylor, 1964, p. 202). Marcel Hanoun, who, as a television director and cinematographer, carried Bresson asceticism to its logical conclusion with a subtlety and restrained power, is yet another influential figure of this wave (Taylor, 1964, p. 202). Another cinematographer, Raoul Coutard, bestow his expertise with colors and backgrounds to films by Trouffaut and others (Taylor, 1964, p.

Henry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Henry - Essay ExampleOn approaching, he sees that the new owner of the hotel, which has been occupied up since World War II, is carrying boxes from the basement that contain personal items-clothing, photos, diaries and wedding memorabilia that belonged to Japanese families who had preliminary been evacuated to internment camps during the war. Henry is taken back to his childhood by these small items, with a strong haul up of memories though he tries as much as he can to resist it (Ford 308).This opening panorama shows us to Henry present life, which gives the tropework for the story in this Jamie Fords debut novel. This frame story suddenly leads the reader to the story line in 1942at Rainier Elementary school. Henry was just xii years old and is under a scholarship. In this school, he is the only Chinese the rest argon all whites. Henrys father who is a Chinese and immensely proud of sending his son to a white school, do not at any time expect or set aside anybody to be mista ken on Henrys nationality. In the national consciousness, the events of Pearl Harbor ar still fresh and Henrys father is passionately against the Japanese and so he eer sends Henry to school with a shirt with a button declaring I am a Chinese. This is the first moment of many depicts Henrys already difficult relationship with his father (Ford 112). The emphasis between Henrys American perspective and his fathers traditionalism Chinese determine is one of the major themes in the novel. He is struggling to live with his father.His life as a Chinese in an all-white school seems to be smooth, but the button provokes teasing by several of his class bullies, and his work-study wrinkle serving lunch becomes part of the mean solar day he dreaded the most. He arrives in the kitchen one day and finds a young Japanese lady, Keiko Okabe, also assigned for same shift. Being the only Japanese savant in the school also, Keiko

Uncertainty reduction theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Uncertainty reduction possibleness - Essay ExampleI did not want to speak up, because of the fear that I may bump my new friend, but still, I wanted to express my-self. However, through the axioms of the uncertainty reduction theory, I was subject to create and maintain a positive blood with my friend.Thee first principle that was applicable to my relationship, was based on the ideas that Berger proposed, concerning verbal communication. This is the first axiom of uncertainty reduction theory (Rodriguez, 56). According to this axiom, an increase in the aim of verbal communication between strangers manages to reduce the rate of uncertainty. This was directly applicable in my relationship, because I everlastingly maintained a series of verbal communication with my new friend. The next axiom is non-verbal warmth. An increase in non-verbal communication has the capability of reducing uncertainty. This includes smiles, head nods, hugs, etc.These were widely used in my relationships, because I ever smiled on my new friend, whenever we met. The third and the fourth axioms involved nurture seeking and self-disclosures. Under information seeking, the parties to the relationship are involved in looking for information about each separate. These types of information include the likes, the dislikes, the culture, the age, and other attributes of their friend. This is important because it would help in creating a relationship that is based on the understanding of the other person. Self-disclosure involves disclosing information pertaining to ourselves to each other.This was an important to my case, because I managed to explain to my friend all about my-self, my family, my likes and dislikes. This played a wide role in reducing uncertainty between my friend and my-self. Due to my self-disclosure, my friend was able to reciprocate, and violate more about himself. This brings us to the fifth axiom which is reciprocity (Baxter and Barbara, 108). Under this concept, wh en the uncertainty is high,

How Leaders can maintain High Quality Performance Term Paper - 1

How drawing cards can maintain High Quality Performance - Term Paper Examplemise the draws interest to promote integrity and performance, as a result of having the feeling that they are privileged much(prenominal) that they cannot lose their jobs and also to the extent of misusing their powers to serve their masters interests (Morrisson, 2004). However, if this is conducted properly, the loss leader would be in a position to serve the sole interests of the organization, which are based on quality and sustainable performance and increment in all the departments under him or her. This paper is a critical evaluation of ways by which an effective leader can improve performance in his or her place of work.A leader is a person who, to a greater extent, represents the true image of an organization. This means that he is supposed to be a person of high integrity and unquestionable character (Macarthur, 2004). This earns him respect throughout the corporate ball such that he would be oc casionally cited as a good role model to teenaged people as well as those employees who are under him. For example, it would be wrong for a leader to have the habit of coming to work while under the influence of alcohol or other(a) drugs as this would taken to mean that doing so is acceptable in the work place. Such a leader would set a bad example to his or her juniors, who may go to the extent of doing the same sound because their boss is doing it. Similarly, it would be unprofessional for leaders to involve themselves in sexual relationships or harassment of their employees as this may promote indiscipline in the context that these employees may be motivated to do the same, which is wrong in a working environment.If anything, leaders should be the first people to observe all the rules and regulations of an organization, in an effort to maintain professionalism and concentration on service delivery. Otherwise, a lot of time would be ever wasted trying to discipline those who go against the set standards thereby lowering the out put consequently low performance. In

Remembered Event (Male) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Remembered Event (Male) - Essay ExampleThe fact is that I realized that I fell in love with that girl. Definitely, it was love on the spot. I wanted to help her but couldnt even deliver a word, for there was lump in my throat.The girl saw my efforts and came closer. With the first sentence of her and probably repayable to her marvelous smile the stupor chaining me was broken. Suddenly I found my ability to speak and later that actually first moment of our conversation or even before it I caught myself on the thought that that girl, her beautiful name was Emma, was my destiny, my soul-mate and my love for the whole life.Probably, you may think that I am too sentimental for a male. But to my mind mans obduration works only in the context of a wizard status or a one when he just doesnt know what is love or simply doesnt experience those feelings that I learnt when met Emma.Thus, after that day I laid siege to Emma by the means of all possible way. Surely, my addresses were romant ic ones, since romanticism had opened within me to the extent that days and nights I spent inventing plan for our dates. After some time of my tremulous attention Emma said yes to my proposal of relations. And we started dating. on that point was no doubt that it was the beginning of the happiest time of my life. At least, I thought in such a way, for I was flying high above the sky. Every day I was planning something new and evoke to make happy my beloved Emma. Time passed apart from her was seemed everlasting. Seconds and minutes spent together were the greatest rejoicing for us. I felt Emma was my blessing of destiny. We even had our places in parks, cinemas, cafes and just in the streets. We enjoyed each other every moment of our dates without thinking of any serious questions and issues, which were waiting for us in the nearest future.Approximately after seven months of our romantic relations Emma told me that there was no future for us, as her parents didnt see me as a good life

Security Analysis and Portfolio Management Research Paper

security system Analysis and Portfolio Management - Research Paper ExampleThe current global financial crisis presents one constancy performs better than the other.For the purpose of this report, the selected intentness is food industry, because it is the largest industry in the United States. And its importance could never be underestimated. Hence, this industry would be analyzed using the factors highlighted below1. Industry life cycle Azevedo et al (2004) explained clearly that US Food industry has a very long life cycle in the smell that since it began centuries ago, it has flourished from year to year. Food industry, as a matter of fact, is as old as human beings.2. one-time(prenominal) Sales The past sales volume of the food industry in the United States is in the senseless of 900 billion dollars a year (Nestle, 2003). And that volume increases every year with the introduction of new kinds of foods. The presence of gubbins stores aids quick and easy sales of food in th e United States. Convenience Stores like Wal-Mart and Costco kick in billions of dollars as their turnovers from food sales.3. Permanence of industry There is no doubt that as long as there are people on this earth to consume foods, food industry wont go out of operation it would collapse. And the development of new forms of food makes the industry to be constantly good-hearted to the customers. And since the pricing system in food industry is quite flexible, the industry could conveniently serve umpteen classes of people in the society. What this statement means is that both the poor and the rich could afford to buy a corn, for instance, even though the quality of the corns they bought are different, because of different prices.Enactment of business laws By making laws that could make the business activities in the sector of food industry, the US government provides a comfortable atmosphere for the industry to grow successfully.Farm subsidy The United States is still one of the developed nations that offer some boost subsidies for farm products. Since

Higher Certificate Golf Management Graded Unit Case Study Essay

Higher Certificate golf Management Graded Unit Case Study - Essay Exampleublished rules golfing matches and their popularity were still compete using all manner of improvised equipments, on public lands with bets becoming a salient feature. It was not uncommon for the matches to be followed by festive group drinking and unrestrained celebratory outcomes on the course. so the character of golf remained without significant impact that the rules were meant to bring.In 1783 a significant transformation nonetheless appeared to modify the face of golf. A reference to etiquette for the very first duration in history, While a concussion is playing none of the party shall walk about, by speaking or otherwise (The rules of golf,1783),was inserted by the baseball club of golfers even though other existing clubs such as St Andrews, Leith, Bruntsfield and Crail not doing so. By 1810 the Glascow Golf friendship took it a notch higher by expanding the etiquette code through stating that, Ev ery member who is a player, that is who has play twice during the season, shall make a match on the day when the club is played for, and play for it nether the penalty of a bottle of rum (The rules of Golf, 1810).Slowly golf was transforming in perceptions of manners and was as a event getting socially perceived as a sport for social improvement. Following, rules were made that in the equal lines of etiquette that demanded attendants to keep quiet, to walk after the players and refrain from removing objects from the course. These rules were to be adopted by other clubs as time went by, even though some other clubs not mentioning about behavior in their respective rules until the belatedly 19th century when the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews instituted a unifying code (Wallenfeldt,83).(b)The earlier playing instrument was cognise as Scottish Cleek, a long wooden club. The ball was known as the feather ball. In 1842 appeared the forerunner known as the gutta-perch ball which was impervious to rain and tame thus it extended the playing seasons from dry cold months to

The Modest Proposal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Modest Proposal - grant Example3. The tone is satirical. Swift uses symbols and gestures which does not hit directly into the point but requires one to compute and understand what he means. For example he says, I have been assured by a rattling knowing American of my acquaintance in London, that a young healthy child wells suckled is at a year old a most delicious, nourishing, and wholesome food, whether stewed, roasted, baked, or boiled an I make no doubt that it will equally serve in a fricassee or a ragout (Swift). This means that a child born in a wealthy family is handlely to espouse in life more than born in a curt life.6. Swift presented evidence of the curt and the suffering. The title of the article is okay but if fails to prove the recommendations required solving the challenges faced by the poor mothers and their children.9. In overall, it is a good piece of work. It is challenging and it certainly drives the point home. However, Swift should have provided reco mmendations like curbing inequality, theft, hunger, and distribution of resources in addition to offering quality education to the society as a way of curbing the

Free Will. What is Free Will and do we have it Essay

Free Will. What is Free Will and do we arrive it - Essay ExampleIf adept chooses to rob the bank, then he or she should be ready to eat the responsibility for the work. These betions ar in genius way or the other is determined by impoverished pass on. This paper will discuss dispatch will, determinism and compatibilism. It will also depict whether or not we confound free will. Free will is also a philosophical term used to choose an action to various alternatives. When one act in a way that depicts free will, one satisfies metaphysical requirements by being trusty for your own action, whereby there are also alternatives to ones action and moral significance. Free will significance is not exhausted by its moral responsibility, hardly a configuration of ones accomplishments, dignity of persons and value, all accumulates to free will (Campbell 65). Determinism is where the facts or so the past in the rightfulness of nature have the truth about the future. So given the pa st having the law of nature, only one future is possible at any one time. Those who say free will is a freedom from determinism make themincompatibilist. Those who say free will is without reference of determinism automatically qualify them ascompatibilists. Compatibilism is not exactly the claim that some events (e.g. actions) are free, and some events are determined. This is consistent with indeterminism. Rather, compatibilism is the stronger thesis that the very same act may be both free and fully determined. Incompatibilism is the denial of compatibilism. Compatibilism, incompatibilism, and free will skepticism coiffure in various forms. Hard determinists are incompatibilists who endorse determinism but deny the free will thesis, so they are also free will skeptics. Libertarians are incompatibilists who deny determinism and endorse the free will thesis. meek determinists are compatibilists who accept both determinism and the free will thesis. Developments in physics, specifi cally in quantum mechanics, have lead many to reject determinism, so examples of soft and hard determinism are rare though not impossible. A better classification of the three main contemporary views is libertarianism, compatibilism, and free will skepticism (Campbell, 127). Philosophers look at the freedom of will and freedom of action because ones success depends on factors beyond ones control, and there are outside constraints on options we undertake whichis not onesresponsibility. As a conceptual matter, free will depicts a subset of willing, but not all philosophers accept that. According to Campbell, freedom of will is by its nature and never restrain (Campbell 121). Majority of people view a will as not free indeed debates about it centers on if human beings has it. The main threats to freedom of will become evident on physical, psychological, biological and theological determinants. For every determinism, there are philosophers who deny reality on either independent groun ds or free will, there those who accept reality and deny its compatibility with free will or argue its compatibility. In actual sense, free will has many dimensions it can be a choice on ones desire in that it can be selected as a way of fulfilling desire. According to the will Joseph Campbell defines liberty as power of acting or not acting. Free will relates to desires and values, which take the ability to judge what is worth pursuing, and evaluating them though satisfying them can be hard for us. We act with free will when we consider the judgment this may seem restrictive because many people are held responsible for their actions. There are two theories of free will that rely on possible actions there are people who get motivated to choose to act by desires and secondly a person

Qualitative Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

qualitative Report - Essay Exampleamatic in content that extremely fascinated media so much so that role of media in celebrities lives became a highly contentious issue with the privacy of the individuals as well as with the ethical proprieties of media.The recent legal separation of the royal couple had given a whole clean twist to the hitherto fairy tale romance of the worlds most renowned couples. The converse thus, was an important event that had provoked a mixed response for different people and had held a special significance for the Princess and British Monarchy at large. Therefore, analysis of the interview is a way to understand the complexities of the lives of the celebrities and try to experience their actions in the wider ramifications of the universe- tete-a-tete interests. The interview is given at a time when the Princess was undergoing turbulent period in her private life and she needed to clarify her stand on a number of issues so that she could get more or les s space to sort out her populace-private life.The report would facilitate the general public and media to understand the Princess Diana as another(prenominal) human being, possessing feelings and sensitivities as the next person. The report would also help to analyse the compulsions of the public duties and image of the celebrities and the shoot down that puts on their private lives.Interview of Princess Diana by Martin Bashir on BBC1 Panorama on 20 November, 1995, has huge relevancy for gathering useful data regarding the life and style of the celebrities who have significant impact on the public opinion. The interview is also an important way to gauge the extent of involvement of the individual and the impact of the tiny events on the person. Princess Diana had been one of the most prolific personalities of the world whose personal charisma had gone beyond the precinct of tender constraints of her royal status and created an unprecedented niche amongst the masses. The analysis of the interview is primarily focused on the public private

Opportunities & Threats in Gold & Oil Investments Research Paper

Opportunities & Threats in Gold & Oil Investments - Research Paper Example harmonise to the research findings with the ever increasing uncertainties regarding the overall global economic and fiscal outlook, the investment strategies have too experienced some major changes. It is actually touch sensation and confidence of the people that changes as the time and bit changes. As a result, the concrete value of the investment changes with the perception of the people. The real worth or affectionateness remains the corresponding, however, the other party to the transaction perceives it to be either on a higher side, dismay side or at a stable level. In short, the substance of the investment remains the same but what actually changes is the worth of that investment in the eyes of other person as per his/her perception, belief and confidence. The change in the perception of the people leads to the change in the worth of the investment as a result the investors actually face a risk th at their investments kitty experience significant fluctuations associated with the unpredictable expression of the people. Over the years, there have been different patterns and trends that represent the psyche of the people regarding the riskiness of different types of investments. From bonds to stocks, commodities to metals, currencies to real estates, each different class has different sorts of risks associated with it. The risk appetite of individual investors also varies which in maturate contributes significantly in the variation of the values of the investments. (Fabozzi, Gupta & Markowitz, 2002). The above mentioned summation classes can be broadly set forth into cardinal categories namely as paper money investment and real substance based investment. For instance, currencies, bonds, stocks are considered as paper money as the investor ultimately do not acquire a natural substance or matter when he or she purchases investment. For example, by buying some shares of a guild cannot actually allow a common stockholder towards entitling a specific asset of the company. Similarly the bonds or other paper money instruments do not allow mollifyment to the investors on a particular asset of the issuer of that instrument. On the other hand, the non-paper money instruments provide a will power of the investment in the form of goods, station or any other somatogenic substance. The term physical delivery for these kinds of investments is vastly associated as they entitle the investor for the taking the actual physical delivery of the form of their goods (Shefrin & Statman, 2000). For instance, in case of metals, gold, silver or platinum, the physical delivery is possible and the investor can keep the possession of the metals with himself. Similarly, in case of real estate property, the investor can actually take the possession of a particular property after transferring the property documents. The above two categories of investments have some specific risks associated with them due to which the non-paper money based investments are considered as safe field for the investors as the investor enjoys the possession of those investments and later on can make the use of those goods for his/her ad hominem needs foreign paper money investments which are intended to be returned to other investors or the issuers of those investments because they cannot be used for personal needs. On the basis of usage or consumption as well as holding the possession of those investments, this particular assignment deals with the opportunities and threats that rest with the investments that are movable in nature (FinanceSpain, 2012). Particularly the investment in gold and oil are highlighted in the discussion. Gold is a precious metal which is the most passing recognized and consumed metal especially used in the jewelry and ornaments. Oil is the commodity which is used as an energy resource for varieties of different purposes. Both of these investment classes have distinct opportunities and threats which are discussed separately in further sections. The first section emphasizes on the opportunities

Design Thinking Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

purpose Thinking - Thesis ExampleBut the initiationer bubble burst during the 50s and 60s when designers began to be looked upon as tools of capitalistic society till they redefined their role in the 70s as developers of culture and life behavior. TodayThe word design has a lot of different meanings when people think of design they think of an artefact thats been designed well such as a chair, a car or a building. Or they thin1k of design as style or fashionThe term design thinking has gained popularity because it makes it easier for those outside the design industry to instruction the idea of design as a way of thinking about solving problems, a way of creating strategy by experiencing it rather than keeping it an intellectual exercise, and a way of creating and capturing value2Design consultant Linda Nai populace states that, The gyration taking place in design - as it emerges from its traditional role of serving commerce - to a role of leading, shaping and directing the way we live and work, presents tremendous opportunities For the purpose of this paper we will focus on the definition, Design is the thought process comprising the creation of an entity, Archer too saw design as a complex and sh ared rational logical sequential activity that would solve problems and bring blueprint and change. Today designing is a skill required by architects, fashion designers, urban architects, products and industrial design, engineers, landscape painting designers, the automobile industry and interior decorators. But the culture of design has been with us from the stone age when man first began to create tools to shape and control his environment but these primary inventions happened in a disorganize and an unplanned way. Designer thinking today by contrast blends aesthetics as well as ergonomics to improve our lifestyle and develop culture. The great architect and designer Charles Eames, Lawson states, the culture of design was greater then the creation of a new ch air. It was part of a much bigger socio-cultural process of adding valuethrough an guesswork of creative individualism that distinguished designer goods frommass production. 3 And so Nike and Yves Sainte Loraine were born as virtual disposition cults of Design Culture.2Since designers redefined their role as the developers of culture they had a wide scope since, culture should be regarded as the set of distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual and emotional features of society it encompassesart literature, lifestylesvalue systems traditions and beliefs. 43Today from being just architects or product refiners and innovators, designers are the definers of good taste, better lifestyles and efficiency in diverse fields, all of which embrace the designer culture that was cleverly promoted by advertising companies as a key international marketing strategy in

Bacteria Beware. Iotron technology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Bacteria Beware. Iotron technology - Assignment ExampleIts key exercising will be to take advantage on the heightened food safety awareness. For the past two decades, trays of products have been rolling along a agreement of an hourglass conveyor into an electron beam accelerator. The products are swept from all the sides to kill pathogens using a series of rapid fire electrons. After several minutes, the products rollout sterilized. The electron beam accelerator will make occasion of radiation energy however, this should not wary people that irradiated foods will become radioactive. It is not the case. Iotron technology was naturalised in Ottawa by atomic Energy of Canada Limited. Lloyd Scott is the man after all this discoveries. In the ripe 1950s, he sold his construction business and bought the irradiation unit from AECL and took it to B.C more than two decades ago. Scott made use of this technology to sterilize medical products and further enhance the color of gemstones. Af ter a period, Iotron took the advantage of the emerging use of irradiation and purchased the technology. In addition, they were quick to patent the outright. After AECL program was sold off by Ottawa in the early 2000s, Scott too sold the other businesses he owned so as to keep Iotron alive. Recently, Iotron launched a facility in Indiana whose purpose was to serve the United States agricultural hub. Foods much(prenominal) as lettuce and meats are approved for irradiation.

Apple Pie as totem food Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Apple Pie as totem food - Research report card ExampleThis essay discusses that apple as a fruit in itself was more predominant in Asia and Europe. The source apple was said to be cultivated in the northern slopes of the Tien Shan, the mountain range running for a thousand miles between the Chinese border to the east and Uzbekistan, in fact almost to the Caspian Sea, in the west. The biblical reference to the apple as the forbidden fruit could also have emerged from the fact that climb Ararat the resting place of Noahs ark is also around this region. The mountain range is in present day bomb calorimeter and extends from Iran to Armenia, which encompasses the region where the first instance of apple cultivations were found. Turkey till today remains one of the biggest producers of apples in the world. Earliest origins of apple cultivation could be dated back to 8000BC with the discovery of agriculture when nomadic settlements colonized in the fertile lands along the Tigris and E uphrates and moving from there to other regions with the onset of trade and military expeditions. in that location is evidence that the early colonists brought with them the first seen apples, crab apples in US. Crab apples are considered the native apples of America and since indeed there are more than 20 different varieties of apples grown in the US. It is believed that John Endecott, an early governor, was the first to bring an apple tree to North America, and the first orchard was planted on Beacon pitcher by a clergyman named William Blaxton. The apple consequently grew to become a part of the staple diet, as it could be easily stored in winter. Despite the fact that apples were not initially from North America, and have been exploitation disease-free for centuries in their native habitats, the early settlers found that the long, hot summers and cold winters of New England grew apples unlike anywhere else in the world.New England apples are known not only for their unique b lend of tart and sweet flavours, exclusively also for their size and freshness. (Nahmias, 2012). The increase of apple consequently began to be viewed as a status symbol. With the growing popularity of the American Apple Pie, diplomats and statesmen began to grow the prize apples for these pies in their backyard. It is therefore no coincidence that 60% of the commonwealths yearly harvest in apples comes from the State of Washington. Recorded history shows evidence that Apple Pie was served as a gourmet desserts during dinners for

Human Rights and the Privacy law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

humane Rights and the Privacy rectitude - Essay ExampleThe rights contained within the law ar based on European assembly on Human Rights articles. It also gives further effects to freedom and rights that are guaranteed under the European Convention. This means that judges must study and give effect to the legislation in a style that is compatible with the convention rights. It also implicates unlawfulness for a public authority to act in an incompatible federal agency with the conventional right. The Human Rights Act protects the right of life, the prohibition of torture and inhumane treatment, protection against forced assiduity and slavery, the right for freedom and liberty, the right for fair trial and no punishment without law and freedom of concept belief and religion. The act also gives respect privacy and family life providing the right to marry.Privacy and freedom of spoken language are important human rights that have not been strongly protected in English law. The freedom of speech has been a residual liberty traditionally because it existed only when the statute did not restrict its exercise. Liberty law on the other hand, is largely governed by the common law and is concerned with the protection of individual rights to reputation. This is life-sustaining for freedom of press and speech. However, there has been no explicit right of privacy. Even though the European Convention guarantees both rights, the English courts must take account of decisions of the European Court of Human Rights in narrate to interpret and apply Convention rights under HRA (Human Rights Act 1998).

Of Mice and Men Essay Example for Free

Of Mice and Men EssayFor my coursework, I am going to write ab surface how whoremaster Steinbeck, Announces and presents the two characters George and Lennie in the book Of Mice and Men and how the relationships between the characters make the account statement as good as it is.Steinbeck uses a high definition of detail to introduce the two men, George and Lennie by using similes, personification and metaphors he gives a oversize imagery effect of what the people look ilk (George and Lennie).Small(a), quick, dark of face, with restless eye and sharp, strong features. By using informative text like this you get the paper if someone is low they are loosely about 5ft tall he hasnt been able to wash for a while referable to dark of face (or this fellow hasnt been a rich person and has worked all his life), with sharp strong features must mean he has been working, maybe as a labourer or a outlaw. The second calculatea huge man, shapeless of face, with large pale eyes, with wi de, sloping shoulders and he walked heavily, dragging his feet a midget, the centering a bear drags his paws. His arms did not swing at his sides, but hung loosely.The second fellows description gives me the idea he is slightly retarded the dash his arms do not swing and the way he uses features of a bear I shape it that bears haves docile features, e.g. the use of there paws and the expression on the faces. He is also the follower.Steinbeck puts it across that the large person has no perception of danger the way he flung bulge his blankets and drank from the surface of the green kitty. Then the small fellow bulge outs shouting his hear,Lennie Dont drink so much hinting he has awareness that they maybe danger with the pool being green. The way he drinks from the pool also gives the feel that he is slightly retard long gulps, snorting, and like a horse all strong descriptive words, makes the reader moot hand on what is the guy a animal or a homo? He gives him animal (inhum an) qualities.Steinbeck puts Lennie across as a child making his splashes of rings across the pool and George the leader. And again when Lennie goes to take a sip from water he is giving him the characteristics of a animaldipping his large paw into the waterGeorge is put across to have a strong bond with Lennie helping to each one other is the key to the bosh.The link between the characters is they are together in the early 1900s men didnt generally go around together them days, it was everyone for themselves with the American dream (The American aspect is that some(prenominal)one can get to any position of work, wealth etc. with working for it.)On page 6 Steinbeck shows that the characters are frustrated He said angrily,We could just as well of rode clear to the ranch if that bastard bus driver knew what he was talkin about. Jes a little stretch. God damn near four miles, thats what it was Didnt wanta stop at the ranch gate, thats what? withal god damn lazy to stop in Soledad a t all. Kicks us out and says, jes a little stretch down the road. I bet it was more than four miles. Damn hot day. Steinbeck uses strong verbiage in this text to show the frustration of lazy drivers and how people dont care most probably because Lennie is a retard and its how its was in the early 1900s.George is spirit after Lennie Steinbeck gives the hint in page 7 where George is looking after Lennies work card. Lennie also likes to kiss small soft animals in the book, he holds mice at the start of the book, later on we find out Lennie likes to pet mice that his aunt gave him but with him being so unqualified he squashes them to death and keeps them because there soft, because he has the mental age of a 8yr old and he doesnt survive any better. George has to keep an eye out for this because we all know fresh mice will carry disease. later on on in the book, we find out that George and Lennie has a dream of owning a small ranch and Lennie wants to pet the rabbits. They have a little bit of money stored foul and hope to make there fluid dram come true shortly and they discuss that if there is any trouble in Soledad they will go by up in the wooded area, there was trouble in weed (the town they last had a place of work in).Lennie likes pretty colours and got attracted to a girls dress, when the girl said, let go, he hung on in fear and the girls escaped shouting rape, of course, Lennie would have been trialled and sentenced to death for this, so they make a execute for it. In addition, eventually made it to a ranch in Soledad. For Lennie to remember things George gets him to repeat himself several times this way he remembers what has been said.When they get to the ranch, Lennie is instructed not to say a word to anyone, they dont want the ranch owner to find out Lennie isnt as smart as he looks, so they go meet the owner and George tries to repartee all the questions, the owner thinks its suspicious the two guys travelling together, and makes Lennie talk. Anyhow, they get there way around it and go to the bunkhouse.Also in the book Slim gives Lennie a pup, since he aint allowed mice since they where always dying in his pocket, the guys pattern that having a pup might be easier for him as its bigger and stronger and it will grow older to be bigger and stronger, unluckily this doesnt happen like the mice the pup also dies. There is a repetition of this through the book, and the persistence of a gun, and things (animals) dying. As they kill candys dog, it is taken outside and shot I think that J. Steinbeck had made the book so that repetition of incidents are made to drag the reader into thinking I think something isnt going to be too good at the end of this book, people classed as animals, and everything being killed or shot?Curly is a character in the book with a fiery temper he is the ranch owners son and was a lightweight boxer, married (just) to His wife who is clearly given no name but referred to as Curlys wife, making it so that she is his possession. There is always an assumtion of a fight when wavy enters the story line, he is always looking for his wife and always curious of what she is up to.Candy gets in on the American dream offering Lennie and George some money to buy the land and do it as he is fed up of being on the ranch. This way they can go to there dream and permit Lennie play with the rabbits but, he also would be out of danger e.g. the incident in weed that wouldnt be possible to happen as it would be on there land.A few pages on from curly being part of the American dream, Lennie has a fight with Curly and severely damages his fist breakout every bone in his hand This now gives curly a reason not to like Lennie.Anyhow the guys go out and start playing horseshoes, Lennie was in the barn stroking his pup when it went to moment him he hit the pup and he had killed it Anyhow he was so upset thinking George wouldnt let him tend his rabbits in the dream they were having, Curlys wife w alked in with here hair and make up all done so smartly, with a nice dress on.Curlys wife had been told she could have been a actor in Hollywood, and a guy would write to her but she was never wrote to, putting it across that her mother never let her seen the letters while trying to prove to Lennie she could be a actor. Lennie explained his dream to Curlys wife, as Curlys wife was such(prenominal) a tease, moved closer and closer to Lennie, Lennie was going on about how he likes to stroke and pet soft things.Several times, she called Lennie nuts. She let Lennie stroke her hair, repeatedly and he stroked it harder, harder and harder, until she cried let go, Lennie grabbed her and covered her mouth tell her not to cry as he will get into trouble. She then struggled and Lennie shook her, he killed her, bust her neck, he dropped her and she laid there he realised what he had done and ran into the brush where George had told him to go, Lennie had remembered he had to run to the brush. Once the guys found out she was dead Curly wanted him dead he got his gun and went out and his horse to get him with the guys.Curly now had a real reason to go and get Lennie George knew precisely where to find him. George took a gun and went to go find Lennie, he found Lennie exactly where he had told him where to go, he started to talk to Lennie and got him to tell George about there dream and what it was going to be like, George lifted to gun to the back of Lennies head and shot him The crash of the shot was heard echoing about the valleys.Steinbeck at the end of the story did not say if George ever made his American dream with candy of if he ever got Trialled for murder. This shows how the American dream doesnt always go to plan and maybe its just luck that gets you there, but does show you how the guys tried, and the relationship between people in them days sometimes led to hard consequences.

Prevention Is Better Than Cure Essay Example for Free

prevention Is Better Than Cure EssayHealth is valuable present for human life. People arse affirm money, houses, some luxurious things but they cannot buy health. Once crossing a serious disease, everything becomes nothing immediately. So I agree with the point that Prevention is better than cure. This proverb advise everybody to care themselves before likewise late to save their lives.One person just has one life. People all know this translation but not many ones can adjust their lives to live healthier. It is the key point. People always lives with a easily way until a disease is found out. It has to say that cure is the last step to score your body out of danger. Some years ago, I evidenced my friend got a serious disease and the doctors hardly saved her life. According to her mother, she often stayed up late, had an unstable daily habits and was under stress. She got a high-priced experience of how to value the prevention. With the importance of health, health edu cation and preventative measures need to be concerned.Today, money in the first place is invested in some large healths budget to cure diseases. But I judge if people know how to protect themselves from diseases through health education, no need much money for set anymore. So the investment for health education and preventive measures are as important as saving one life. In reality, it is fewer courses which supply information about the health friendship are held. Otherwise, a lot of hospitals have been build. With this point of view, people more and more depend on hospitals while they do not know that they can cure themselves just through health knowledge.However, no one can ignore the importance of hospitals and doctors. They have existed to save peoples lives. Born, grow up, grow old and run out is a life cycle it is true that in some point of life, people will get disease and die. Hence, hospitals really play an important role in that situation.In conclusion, I consider th at prevention is the first step for people to avoid diseases. So much more investment into providing health knowledge and presentative measures to people is necessary.

Half The Sky Essay Example for Free

Half The Sky EssayWith Pulitzer awarding winners Nicholas D. Kristof and Sheryl WuDunn are great authors who give us true stories of girls and woman from Africa and Asia and their extraordinary struggles. We view the Cambodian stripling sold into sex slavery and an Ethiopian woman who suffered devastating injuries in childbearing. Drawing on the breadth of their combined reporting experience, Kristof and WuDunn view our world with anger, sadness, clarity, and, ultimately, hope. Through these stories, Kristof and WuDunn help us see that the key to stinting progress lies in unleashing womens potential. They make clear how so many people have helped to do just that, and how we can each do our part. In much of the world, the greatest unemployed economic resource is the female half of the population. Countries such as China have prospered precisely because they emancipated women and brought them into the formal economy.Realistic, and inspirational, this watchword is essential re ading for everyone. They tell of an attempt to help a woman dying in childbirth in an African hospital, and the institutional, social, and financial problems that block efforts. They discuss how their support for legalization of prostitution was undercut by the more sordid reality they discovered behind the apparent success of just such a legal zone in India (in Kolkata), and examine how legalization of prostitution in the Netherlands compares as an anti-trafficking technique with the criminalisation of sex-service purchases in Sweden.They point out how the campaign against female circumcision has been set back by the campaigners use of linguistic communication (female genital mutilation) that turned the people they wanted to help against them. Kristof and WuDunn emphasis how important it is for individuals speaking up and resistingbut its here that their proposals (or, at least, their exhortations) seem questionable. (Mukhtar Mai) name we have heard before, Usha Narayane, and Sun itha Krishnan are intelligibly remarkable women, and deserve every support, but it is also true that they are very brave, and driven individualsand lucky, because of their risk.

The influence of mercantile economics on European Colonial Expansion 1500-1800 Essay Example for Free

The mildew of mercantile political economy on atomic number 63an Colonial Expansion 1500-1800 Essay1.0 IntroductionThe deepen of atomic number 63 amidst 1500 and 1850 was largely accounted for by the proceeds of atomic number 63an nations which shared their borders with the Atlantic and, in particular, by those that pursue in colonialism and transoceanic slyness. europium was the gateway to the Americas for the Asian trafficrs, and vica-versa. The fact that the economic performance among Atlantic work nations blossomed due to their approach to the Atlantic, is explained by the fact that countries with relatively non-absolutist initial institutions experienced faster growth1. Beca utilize of this, urbanisation in Hesperian Europe grew significantly faster than in Eastern Europe after 1500 and due in large part to the growth of Atlantic micklers (read countries). The process of European growth between 1500 and 1850 was attributed to those countries which had gate to t he Atlantic, and cover through these Atlantic ports accounted for intimately of the differential growth of Europe Western Europe in affinity to Eastern Europe.With business playing an important part in the economic and companionable development of roughly of Europe between 1500 and 1800, Europe witnessed a major novelty- The Price Revolution, starting to the naughtyest degree the 1520s to the 1630s. This long period, about 120 years in either, saw Europe undergo sustained economic growth and elaboration that was marked byA sustained demographic upsurge, in which European population about twofoldBy much urbanisation, spread out in scale, by a conspicuous growth of industriesBy prominent over seas mercantile expansion and colonial exploitation in first Africa, then Asia, the Americas north and south, with the Caribbean ocean as the focal pointA marked monetary expansion, from vast youthful supplies of some(prenominal) princely and silver from Africa and the Americas ( Mexico and Peru), which fuelled an already on-going inflation (be catalyst with earlier monetary expansion)These metals were vit entirelyy necessary for Europeans to expand their deal with Asia in particular (Asia being vastly greater in size, population, and economic wealth than the still underdeveloped western United States European economy), but also the Baltic regions of northern Europe and Russia, as well, where population was markedly withal sparse and/or too forgetful to demand that much in the way of European goods (beyond salt, herrings, beer, woollens)2.2.0 Overview front to the nineteenth hundred, agriculture played an important procedure in the lives of the Europeans. There was discrimination between the flush and poor. The poor had to work in the buck held by the rich to make a animation. There was a long period during which the wage-land rent ratio declined, that implied that there was a elevate in inequality. Farmland owners were utter closely closer to the top of the income distribution than were landless workers.At some point in the 19th century this pattern reversed, and wages started to rise relative to land rents, implying a decline in inequality. This pattern in short changed and the traditional link between factor prices and factor closeowments was broken some duration in the 19th century3.It was ostensible that with handle beginning to grow due to their proximity to the Atlantic, the European nations could not hold hold on development. There was also the question of what caused the structural break in wage-rent ratio behaviour? The all important finger pointed to industrial growth industrial revolutionary forces led to the break in living standards behaviour.Though the exact date or period is elusive, many scholars date the first industrial revolution in Europe from 1760, while some cited this to be from 1780. There were others who disagreed with these views altogether, but everyone were unanimous in their conclusion that , these changes came about due to the technological advance quicken in English industry about this time (Mokyr 1990 Crafts 1994 Temin 1997)4. With work growing and industrialisation taking place, the two commodities that could be produced simultaneously wereAgricultural products using land and employing labourManufactured goods using jacket and labourThough there were two options to choose from for the poor strata of society of the 1600 and 1700 Europeans, the most appealing aspect for the workers to turn away from agriculture was the sense of freedom and disclose life. Industries attracted the workers more, and drew them out of agriculture and into the cities, raising wages, lowering rents, and inflating the ratio of wages to rents5.Europe is well determined and accessible to the Americas, Asia, and within the whole of Europe itself. This was a distinct advantage that Europe had to encourage the Europeans to plod exports. This gave rise to industrialisation and pushed champi onship beyond their borders. Intercontinental trade rose and this regularised prices too. It could be reasoned that trade could have influenced price factors for several centuries before the structural break occurred.However, it turned out that the growth in European overseas trade was not due to global commodity market integration, as careful by a decline in intercontinental price gaps, but rather to shift in demand and supply in Europe, Asia and the Americas (ORourke and Williamson 2002a)6. It was only in the 19th century that large-scale intercontinental trade became possible in such basic commodities as grain, animal products, coal and manufactured intermediates7.3.0 The InfluenceAlthough Europe witnessed some improvements in economic institutions in the late medieval and early modern period, as mentioned earlier, quick economic development did not begin until the emergence of political institutions providing secure property rights to a broader instalment of society and allo wing free entry into profitable businesses ( nitrogen and Thomas, 1973, and North and Weingast, 1989)8.Most European countries were under the force of the monarchy. With the rise of political institutions, the power of the monarchy was constrained along with their supporters. The political institutions began to show their strength to control the power of the monarchy, and prerogatives emerged when groups that favoured change, that is commercial interests outside the royal circle, became sufficiently powerful politically. Starting 1500, and more so from 1600 onwards, countries with non-absolutist institutions and easy access to the Atlantic, trade across the Atlantic rose, that enriched and strengthened commercial interests outside the royal circle, enabling them to demand and obtain the institutional changes necessary for economic growth.This was the beginning of the shift from monarchy rule to political rule in these parts. Although profits from Atlantic trade were relatively smal l in terms of GDP, they were still substantial, and much greater than what was witnessed earlier. By the end of the 17th century, the volume of trade across Atlantic was much larger than that of long-distance Mediterranean trade seen ever before. Those who stood to gain by these initiatives became very rich by 17th- and 18th-century standards in Europe, and were without doubt politically and socially very powerful.What was surprising was that these changes did not view place in countries with highly absolutist institutions, such as, Spain, Portugal, and to a large extent France. The monarchy was able to suppress any political arising and control the expansion of trade. They along with their assort were the main beneficiaries of the early profits from Atlantic trade and plunder with groups favouring change in the political compass not becoming powerful enough to induce change9.The path to development and growth has not incessantly remained the same. The dynamics of accumulation, the agents of expansion, and opposition have not always been the same. There has been a great difference in the various phases of the development of capitalism through this period. We note that different rules and regulations were employed by the European nations in their quest for expansion (Aglietta 1979 Lipietz 1987, 1988).The period 1500-1800 popularly called as the mercantilist phase, trade played a pivotal role in defining the way the European nations gruelling on global mercantile economics. Merchant capital began to expand on a global scale through utter-chartered companies. As Colonial expansionism was the goal of most these European countries, commerce had a big hand in pushing this initiative.The countries in Western Europe accumulated capital through commerce, colonial plunder, slave trade, and de-farming. The European traders reached far corners of the globe in their quest and they began to specialise in the production of consumer items such as sugar, coffee, spices, fabrics, salted fish, fur, and later wheat and timber. While the production of consumer items expanded in the colonies, giving way to their colonial expansion, the effects of these measures led to the downfall of other subsistence economies in Europe and the rest of the world.In the industrial phase (1800-1890), the engine of global expansion was the industrial capital of Western Europe. A particularly important feature of this phase of capitalist development was a change in the dominant economic discourse from protectionism to free trade and competition. The victory of the manufacturing class over the landowners and mercantile bourgeoisie in repealing restrictive trade practices, such as the corn laws in Britain (which meant lower costs of production), marked the victory of the free traders10. billhookThere is a tendency among mercantilist (Krasner 1985) and regulationist (Aglietta 1979) scholars to overemphasize the national dimension by regarding the world economy as a system of interacting national social formations (Aglietta 1982 6). Although the role of the nation-state in modern societies has been very important, treating nation states as actors having connections with each other and with other organizations in the international arena makes it difficult to deal with social dealing that are not between or outside states, but simply crosscut state divisions (Giddens 1990 67).As some of the twentieth-century nation-states are torn apart by ethnic and religious conflicts, and as new social identities organized near religion or regionalism are emerging, insistence on the nation-state as the social unit of analysis will significantly limit in our understanding of the political and ideological dimensions of globalization-Mustafa Koc.The title Atlantic traders referred to Britain, France, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain, which were the nations most contractly involved in trade and colonialism with the New worldly concern and Asia. These nations mainta ined a compressed attitude towards trade and expansionism. These countries, because of their proximity to the Atlantic Ocean, traded far and wide, to Asia and Americas. They were very aggressive and wanted to expand their straw man around the world and were involved in colonialism-and slavery-related activities as well as trade11. The Rise of Europe between 1500 and 1850 is largely due to the Rise of Atlantic Europe12.In order to study the influence of mercantile economics on European colonial expansion, Acemoglu, Johnson and Robinson used 3 data series to measure economic development. The three data series wereConstructed estimates of urbanisation based on the urban population of Bairoch, Batou and Chevre (1988)13, which was a comprehensive dataset with entropy on all 2,200 European cities which had, at some time between 800 and 1800, 5,000 or more inhabitants. This data was then divided by the population estimates of McEvedy and Jones (1978)14 to calculate urban population g rowth.The second in this series was to use estimates of GDP per capita from Maddison (2001)15. To continue with the research, the estimates chosen were from 1500, 1600, 1700, 1820, and then more frequently.Finally, the third data used was the use of European city-level data from Bairoch, Batou and Chevre (1988), to investigate which urban centers were driving demographic and economic growth, and also to contrast the growth of Atlantic ports to other ports and to inland cities16.The research was conclusive in determining whether there was a significant growth pattern based on the period 1500 1800. There were significant positive estimates to imply that Atlantic traders started to grow in 1500-1600.The estimates confirmed the positive growth pattern in large effects from the interaction between the Atlantic traders from 1600. These effects become statistically significant after 1750 the effects are statistically significant starting 1700.An important revelation from this exercise was the explicit sign that showed that perhaps the only countries with high growth potential, or those that were going to grow, engaged in substantial Atlantic trade and colonial activity. Belgium, Ireland, Denmark,Germany and Norway, condescension having access to the Atlantic, either directly or via the North Sea, are stark representation of countries that did not take a major part in long distance oceanic trade or expansionism17.This shew established a significant relationship between the potential for Atlantic trade and post-1500 economic development, and suggests that the opportunities to trade through the Atlantic, and the associated profits from colonialism and slavery, played an important role in the Rise of Europe18.4.0 ObservationWe see that the influence of Atlantic trade the opening of the sea routes to the New World, namely, Africa and Asia, and the building of colonial empires contributed to the process of West European growth between 1500 and 1800 not only through its direct economic effects, but also indirectly by inducing fundamental institutional changes, with Britain and the Netherlands (Duchy of Burgundy) leading from the front. done their rigorous initiatives in Atlantic trade, both Britain and the Netherlands altered the labyrinthine sense of political power by enriching and strengthening commercial interests outside their royal circles. Through this channel, they contributed to the emergence of political institutions protecting merchants against royal power. The tendency for institutional change to emerge became more evident in societies which already had checks on royal power than in countries with absolutist regimes and monarchy-controlled trade monopolies.Those countries with easy access to the Atlantic and without a strong absolutist monarchy, Atlantic trade provided substantial profits and political power for merchants outside the royal circle. This group could demand and obtain significant institutional reforms protecting their pro perty rights. With their pertly gained power and property rights, these merchants took advantage of the growth opportunities offered by Atlantic trade, invested more, traded more, and fueled the First Great Divergence.19.another(prenominal) point of contention in the theory of European colonial expansion was the search for precious metals and gun powder trade. Folasade Ifamose of the University of Abuja contents that, the whole region between the Volta and Niger area was acutely convulsed and destabilised by the direct involvement in the gun and gun powder trade across the Atlantic between 1500 and 1800 by the British, Dutch and Portuguese traders.The desire to capture cities with precious metals as well as those with direct access to the Atlantic coasts directly affected and influenced many of the Atlantic access nation kings to participate actively in the trans-Atlantic trade. The ultimate desire of the traditional rulers was to acquire, among other things, firearms from the tria ngular trade through the Portuguese, the Dutch, and the British20.1590-1621 saw the Dutch pour out all over the European, Atlantic and Asian seas and established new overseas markets. The Dutch state supported their traders in overseas trading operations and in a decisive movement accelerated the production of more ships to enhance trade and changing market opportunities. Moreover, the build-up of a reorganised army and naval forces in the Dutch Republic stimulated the growth of a new infrastructure of arms trade and arms production, which provided an important condition for the expansion of Dutch interests overseas21.The Sea is the only Empire which naturally belongs to us, triumph is not in our interest, wrote the Englishman Andrew Fletcher in 169822.Few of the great ancient empires relied so much on sea power Europe used the one resource that gave it an advantage, namely its skill in shipbuilding and navigation, to cause something quite unprecedented, seaborne empires23.When trading possibilities proved disappointing or local populations proved hostile, Europeans turned to seduction (expansionism), along with forced extraction of resources. Next was the importation of European herds and crops, altering forever the ecological balance of these places. The production of sugar using slave labour, already perfected on Mediterranean isles, was first transferred to the confining Atlantic islands and then to the Caribbean. And islands were to remain the preferred destinations for plantation economies for centuries.When one thinks about the expansion of Europe we oftentimes conflate an oceanic presence or a bounded presence on an island or a littoral, with continental territorial control, wrote Elizabeth Mancke24.5.0 ConclusionDuring the period 1500-1800, the world saw the expansion of trade beyond the borders of most Western European nations. Countries like Britain, Spain, Netherlands, Portugal, and France began to explore the other side of the world through the sea. The Atlantic was a convenient way for these European traders to reach beyond boundaries. Their expertise in ship-building helped them establish trading ports in Africa and Asia.However, when the local population of the African and Asian countries began to revolt, the European traders with the help of their respective rulers began to exploit and embark on a conquest policy. This way, some of the Western European nations, including Britain, Portugal and the Netherlands began to show their ascendancy in forging expansionism roles.It was from its bid of the seas, not land, that Europe experienced its first great economic boom. The wealth accumulated through its archipelagic empires of access found its way back to Europe, partly to be invested in land, partly to capitalise new industrial enterprises that would ultimately overturn the old order of things.By the late eighteenth century the term between land and sea became more definite and during the nineteenth century new nati on states concentrated their energies on their own interiors. The European plunderers forced many Asian and African peasants to bonded labour and took back with them all possible resources unattached (John R. Gillis, 2003).6.0 BibliographyDaron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson and mob Robinson, The Rise of Europe Atlantic parcel out, institutional Change, and frugal emersion, electronic bare board whitethorn 4, 2004, cited 27 February 2007 available at econ-www.mit.edu/faculty/download_pdf.php?id=1181ORourke Kevin H and Williamson Jeffrey G, From Malthus to Ohlin mete out, Growth and Distribution since 1500, electronic bulletin board April 2003, cited 27 February 2007 available at www.tcd.ie/Economics/TEP/2002_papers/TEPNo5KO22.pdfORourke Kevin H and Williamson Jeffrey G, aft(prenominal) Columbus Explaining the world(prenominal) Trade Boom 1500-1800, electronic bulletin board February 2001, cited 27 February 2007 available at www.tcd.ie/Economics/TEP/2001_papers/TEPNo6KO21.pdfProf. Munro John, economic science 303Y1, The Economic History of Modern Europe to1914, electronic bulletin board September 2001, cited 27 February 2007 available at eh.net/coursesyllabi/syllabi/rice beer/01dutcom.pdfEngerman Stanley L, The big picture how (and when and why) the West grew rich, Policy Research, Vol. 23, 1994, 547-559, electronic bulletin board 1994, cited 28 February 2007 available at www.compilerpress.atfreeweb.com/Anno%20Engerman%20The%20big%20picture%20Research%20Policy%201994.htmKoc Mustafa, globalisation as a Discourse, electronic bulletin board cited 2 March 2007 available at www.mrs.umn.edu//chollett/anth%203204/Course%20Readings/Globalization%20as%20a%20Discourse.rtfAcemoglu Daron, Johnson Simon and Robinson James, The Rise of Europe Atlantic Trade, Institutional Change and Economic Growth, electronic bulletin board p.6, September 10, 2003,cited 3 March 2007 available at http//web.mit.edu/sjohnson/OldFiles/www/attach/Rise20%20of%20Europe%20final%20revision.pdfHa rvard University, 1999 WP Abstracts, electronic bulletin board December 9, 1999 cited 3 March 2007 available at www.fas.harvard.edu/Atlantic/abst99.htmlGillis R. John, Islands in the Making of an Atlantic Oceania, 1400-1800, electronic bulletin board 2003 cited 4 March 2007 available at www.historycooperative.org/proceedings/seascapes/gillis.html1 Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson and James Robinson, Abstract, p.2, The Rise of Europe Atlantic Trade, Institutional Change, and Economic Growth2 John Munro, The Dutch and the Macro-Economic Trends of the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries, p.2, The Economic History of Modern Europe to19143 Kevin H. ORourke and Jeffrey G. Williamson, 2003, Introduction, From Malthus to Ohlin Trade, Growth and Distribution since 1500, p.2-34 N.F.R. Crafts, The Industrial Revolution in R Floud and D. McCloskey, The Economic History of Britain Since 1700, Vol.1, Cambridge University jammingJ Mokyr, The Lever of Riches Technological Creativity and Economic Progress, Oxford University PressTemin, Two Views of the British Industrial Revolution, Journal of Economic History, 57 (March) 63-825 Kevin H. ORourke and Jeffrey G. Williamson, 2003, Introduction, From Malthus to Ohlin Trade, Growth and Distribution since 1500, p.36 K. H.O Rourke and J. G. Williamson, After Columbus Explaining the Global Trade Boom 1500-1800, Journal of Economic History 62 (March), 1-317 Kevin H. ORourke and Jeffrey G. Williamson, 2003, Introduction, From Malthus to Ohlin Trade, Growth and Distribution since 1500, p.2-38 Douglass C. North and Robert P. Thomas, The Rise of the Western World A New Economic History, Cambridge University PressDouglass C. North and Barry R. Weingast, Constitutions and Commitments Evolution of Institutions Governing Public Choice in Seventeenth Century England, Journal of Economic History, 49, 803-8329 Kevin H. ORourke and Jeffrey G. Williamson, 2003, Introduction, From Malthus to Ohlin Trade, Growth and Distribution since 150010 Mustafa Koc, Ph ases of Global Expansion, p.266, 13 Globalization as a Discourse11 Atlantic trade opportunities became available only during the late 15th century, thanks to the discovery of the New World and the passage to Asia around the Cape of Good Hope. This resulted due to a series of innovations in ship technology, pioneered by the Portuguese that changed getup and hull design of ships and developed the knowledge of oceanic navigation.12 Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson and James Robinson, The Rise of Europe Atlantic Trade, Institutional Change and Economic Growth, p.6, 200313 La Population des villes europeenees de 800 a 1850 Banque de donnees et analyse sommaire des resultats, focus on dhistoire economique Internationale de lUni. de Geneve, Libraire Droz, Geneva14 McEvedy, Colin and Richard Jones (1978) Atlas of World Population History,Facts on File, New York15 Maddison, Angus (2001) The World Economy A Millennial Perspective, DevelopmentCentre of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, OECD, Paris16 Atlantic Trade and the Rise of Europe, Data, p.717 Ch.1.2, Economic Growth in Europe, p.10, Atlantic Trade and the Rise of Europe18 Ch.1.5 Interpretation, p.15, Atlantic Trade and the Rise of Europe19 The establishment of political institutions limiting the power of the monarchy must have created positive spillovers on the rest of the economy of the rest of the non-Atlantic British cities, especially on the industrial capitalists, Ch.2.1, The Argument, p.17,20 Folasade Ifamose, The Indigenous Aristocracy, the Atlantic trade, and the gunpowder Economy, University of Abuja, Nigeria, www.fas.harvard.edu-1999 WP Abstract21 Michiel de Jong, The Role of the State in the Expansion of the Dutch Overseas Trade Networks, 1590-1630, Universite it Leiden, The Netherlands, www.fas.harvard.edu-1999 WP Abstract22 Quoted in Anthony Pagden, Peoples and Empires Europeans and the Rest of the World from Antiquity to the Present (London Weidenfeld and Nicoloson, 2001), p. 94.23 C.R. Boxer, The Dutch Seaborne Empire, 1600-1800 (London Penguin, 1973)24 Elizabeth Mancke, Early Modern Expansion and the Politicization of marine Space, The Geographical Review, 89, nr. 2 (April 1999), p. 227

The Different International Markets Only Changing the Structures Essay Example for Free

The Different International Markets Only Changing the Structures EssayHow Ingvar Kamprad succeed to adapt the contrasting international markets only changing the structures?The evolution of Ikeas organization structure changed through the years. First, it used to withdraw an horizontal organization structure, with just one boss taking the decisions, Ingvar and the employees, manufacturing the products (Exhibit 1). Most line of merchandisees begin as impartial structure with only two levels the strategy apex and an operating level.(P79)This is an original Swedish model and it is usually used in small companies. A successful horizontal structure allows each employee to claim and stray his own perspective. Thus all the employees shape a society in their company. Eliminating the hierarchical structure deemphasizes the jimmy of power, and accentuates the collaboration. It allows balancing the power in the structure.The first problem appeared in the 1970sgrowth in the Swedish furniture market was stagnating. Kamprad felt it was time for IKEA to expand internationally. Refer to the theory from class, one of the reason why restructure is the growing of organizations.(P89) Then, the structure had to be adapted since the horizontal one was now too simple. Thats the reason why it evolved from the horizontal form to a more just way (Exhibit 2). As noted, vertical coordination rests on top-down command and control. (P59)As in the horizontal one, the boss is situated at the top. However, the management was tell up into two different departments the Swedish and the European management. This division will be the base of the Ikeas successful future. Dividing the management into these two segments, gave them the possibility to keep on going with the traditional S assholedinavian acculturation and on the other hand, improve and innovate in the European market.In the 1980s, Ikea wanted to start doing business not only in Europe but all over the world, in the USA, Canada and Asia, for instance. According to the intimacy we learnt from class,the reason why restructuring is that The environment shifts.(P89)At this time, the organization frame of Ikea had also got to be changed. In this case, the management was separate in geographical regions. Once this modification had been done, each Ikea store was able to satisfy the different consumer unavoidably depending on the region they were located (Exhibit 3).Furthermore, between 1986 and 1990, Ingvar Kamprad elected Anders Moberg as a president they did not have the same idea about the management and the structure, and that is the reason why the company structure changed into a young one. The leadership shift had an impact on the companys management style.(case,P10)The environment shifts is also a reason of restructure.(P89)This young structure is divided into 3 levels supervisory board (the top), executive board and staff. To our headway it is like Mintzbergs structural configurations divisi onalized form. Divisionalized form is based on centralization and different divisions in the same company. We can say that it is like the way of thinking of Anders Moberg, the president, because he is more committed to systematization (as refer in the case study page 10).From 2000, they opened more stores and they worked with a wider range of products, not just kitchen and tend products, but also office furniture and more traditional designs. This is the reason why new departments emerged, because of the command of specialized personnel. But the structure remain the same, this additional departments did not affect it.To sum up, we would like to highlighting the importance of Ingvar for the Ikea Company, since all the decisions he made were fortunately the best ones he could have taken. Each decision was taken at the right time. Even with many difficulties, Ingvar Kamprad knew how to turn problems in opportunities, for instance with the Ikea launching in the worldwide markets.He was self-confident and believed in his companys values and culture, and he never act to change this but to improve it, through the combination of different types of organization structures. Many small companies may have Ikea as a reference in the sec he wanted to enter to new markets (become international) it was forced to adapt its organization frame evolving from a horizontal to a more vertical one. So that, we can conclude that if companies wanted to expand their business to new markets, it is necessary to change and adapt to what the moment requires.He opted to rely on traditional values and strive to provide a better superior of life to consumers. The founder has always known how to analyse and follow the market surronding him. Each decision was taken at the right time. Even with many difficulties, Ingvar Kamprad has known how to turn problems in opportunities, for instance with the Ikea launching in the worldwide markets.Through this case study, we wanted to show that the current state of Ikea is thanks to Ingvar Kamprad. through this case, we wanted to show that it is the Man itself who made the corporation what it became. We also wanted to emphasize the fact that the structures change (very) quickly, thus, you moldiness follow the market surrounding.

Negative Economic Impact of the Ppaca Essay Example for Free

Negative Economic Impact of the Ppaca EssayNegative Economic Impact of the Patient egis and Accountable Care Act The Patient safeguard and minor-priced Care Act (PPACA) also referred to as ObamaCare, federal health assistance fair play, Affordable Care Act, or ACA, is a unify States federal Statute sign-language(a) into law on March 23, 2010, by President Barack Obama. In combination with the Healthcare and Education reconciliation Act, it represents the most signifi nett regulatory travel by of the U.S. healthcare system since the passage of Medicare and Medicaid in 1965 (Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act). The PPACA is intended to add-on the number of health insured Americans and reduce the overall be of healthcare.The PPACA allow for revamp the current health amends system by extending health insurance reporting to strong-nigh 32 one million million currently uninsured Americans 18 million through Medicaid expansion to individuals with incomes under t he 133 part federal poverty line (FPL), and 18 million through organization exchange subsidies to individuals with incomes up to four hundred portion of the FPL. Citizens and legal residents in families with income in the midst of 100 and 400 percent of poverty who purchase coverage through a health insurance exchange are eligible for a tax gross denotation to reduce the personify of coverage.To subsidize the additional 32 million individuals covered, the untried law introduces 18 in the raw taxes and penalties on individuals, employers, and businesses (Campbell). Though the PPACAs intent is to decline healthcare costs, it leave behind increase the federal deficit, increase cite deficits, hinder employment, job man and innovation, increase health insurance costs, and de send economical growth. These negative economic issues are far-reaching and long lasting.Increase the Federal DeficitOne of the goals for the PPACA was to reduce the federal deficit by a small amount in the first ten historic period and by trillions of dollars thereafter. Contrary to this call objective, the combination of mandates and taxes provideing not reduce the federal deficit, but give likely increase it. The PPACA is estimated to increase the federal deficit by $75 gazillion, per year, resulting in the nations publicly held debt to grow to $753 heightion higher(prenominal) at the end of 2020 (Campbell). Once the government begins to pay health insurance for individuals through subsidies and convey plurality into the government insurance program in the later half of the decade, this growing debt will balloon. The CBOs updated 2011 estimates found that the PPACA will increase federal outlays by roughly $604 billion between 2012 and 2021 (Blahous).The excessive debt will drive out productive investments and lead to an estimated 670,000 lost job opportunities annually. The imposed tax hikes are judge to cost taxpayers $503 billion over 10 years and more in the fut ure to subsidize government put acrossing on refreshing entitlements (Dubay). The standing budget analysis is very limited, as it does not narration for how the policys combination of spending and increased taxes alters the macroeconomic performance of the economy. The heavy initial costs of the policy hinder economic growth with higher inflation and interest order, overwhelming the benefits the law hoped to e lying-ination in later years.Within the PPACA, legislation double counts $53 billion in Social security system payments, counts $70 billion in premium payments for long-term care insurance programs as revenues, and ignores up to $cxv billion in discretionary costs associated with the PPACA (Howard). After discounting the double counting of Social Security payments, long-tern care premium payments as revenue, and takes discretionary costs into account, the true financial deficit of the PPACA during its first ten years is over $562 billion, and $1.15 trillion thereafter (H oward).Increases the States DeficitNot only does the PPACA waste a serious negative impact on the federal deficit, but also on carrys budgets, several of which are already suffering multibillion-dollar budget deficits. Medicaid spending currently consumes about 20 percent of states budgets, crowding out spending on everything else from education to infrastructure (Howard). States will be held responsible for roughly 11 million uninsured Americans who are eligible for Medicaid but have neer enrolled. In 2014, many of these individuals will sign up for coverage under the pre-PPACA rate, which varies by state, and is far more complex.The mandated spending makes an already bad fiscal situation worse, as states are projected to face $21 billion in young Medicaid costs from 2014 2019, not including up to $12 billion in upstart administrative costs (Howard). While this reduces the $442 billion in new Medicaid costs for the federal government, many state budgets are already facing hug e deficits and cannot afford any new outlays. In fact, they need to curve spending to balance their budgets. The increased rolls of people on Medicaid will continue to put financial pressures on states budgets, leading to further economically destructive tax increases, budget cuts, and state employee layoffs.Hinders Employment, theorize Creation, and InnovationThe PPACA imposes a 2.3% medical checkup thingumabob tax, $2.3 billion annual tax on the pharmaceutical industry, and $2,000, per employee, tax penalty on employers with 50 or more workers who do not provide their employees insurance coverage or adequate insurance coverage. Stock shares fell in the medical device area on June 28, 2012, the day the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the majority of the new healthcare law. In accordance with the new law, medical device manufacturers are subjected to pay a 2.3% sales tax on medical device sales. Scheduled to go into effect in January 2013, the excise tax on medical devices is a nurs e to innovation, will cost the industry more than $28 billion by 2019, destroy 14,000 to 47,1000 jobs, and increase the cost of medical devices (Graham). Several major manufacturers have already been affected and are preparing for the new healthcare tax.Welch Allyn forges to lay off 275 employees, 10% of their workface, over the next three years. Stryker plans on countering the medical device tax by cutting five percent of their global workforce, an estimated 1,170 positions. Zimmer Corp cites the tax for 450 job cuts and a $50 million charge against earnings. Cook Medical has nixed plans to open a manufacturing factory in the United States, piteous business overseas to Ireland. Medtronic anticipates a $175 million annual charge against earnings, forcing the company to cut 1,000 jobs between 2012 and 2013. Boston Scientific is removing between 1,200 and 1,400 jobs, while shifting investments and workers overseas to China. In addition to the companies just mentioned, the side by s ide(p) companies are also facing future layoffs at the hands of Obamacare. Smith Nephew 700 employees, Abbott Labs 700 employees, Coviden 595 employees, Kinetic Concepts 427 employees, St. Jude Medical ccc employees, and Hill Rom 200 employees.The medical device industry is the sixth leading exporter in the United States (Top US Exports). The impact of this tax will likely reduce exports, thereby exacerbating the trade deficit and damage the medical device industry. Obamacare will hit pharmaceutical companies with more than $20 billion in new taxes over the next ten years. Some companies cannot bear a massive tax bill and risk failure of multimillion-dollar research. The American economy benefits remarkably from the vast amounts that pharmaceutical companies invest into research and development. in the raw drug therapies help increase the economy, be sheath research and development expenses directly create jobs, and successful drugs enrich peoples health and can free up caretakers for more productive pursuits.For example, the cost of caring for those with Alzheimers and other forms of dementia will reach $200 billion this year and $1 trillion by 2050 (Pipes). A new treatment that could delay the onset of Alzheimers by five years would lower the prevalence of the disease by 43 percent and save $447 billion by 2050 (Pipes). Beginning in 2014, employers with more than 49 employees will pay a non-deductible penalty of $2,000 for each employee beyond the first 30 employees if they do not offer minimum creditable health coverage. If an employer fails to provide affordable coverage, and at least(prenominal) one employee receives insurance through a state-based exchange, the penalty rises to $3,000 per employee (Howard). The law mandate is estimated to cost businesses an additional $96 billion between 2012 and 2019 (Howard). One economist notes that the $2,000 penalty will amount to costs averaging 15% of take in the restaurant industry and nearly 10% of employs in the retail sector, providing an incentive to charter part-time, lower wage employees (Willnite).Many businesses will move toward hiring part-time instead of intact-time employees to mitigate the health-care overhauls requirement. 32% of retail and hospitality company respondents told Mercer consulting firm that they were likely to reduce the number of employees working(a) 30 hours a week or more (Jargon). The CBO predicts that the law will reduce the number of jobs in the U.S. by one half of one percent, equating to about 700,000 additional Americans being unemployed. Employers with fewer than 50 employees that do not provide health insurance are disincentivized to grow beyond the cap and stimulate a penalty, further reducing unemployment and growth. One small business owner of an IHOP franchise in untested Jersey anticipates penalties up to $220,000 for his 140 uninsured workers, forcing him to raise prices or lay off workers.Ultimately, either businesses will close or con sumers will pay more (Dubay). Dana Holding Corp warned their employees of potential layoffs, citing $24 million over the next six years in additional U.S. healthcare expenses. The company has already begun place off white collar employees. The CBO predicts three million people will lose employer based coverage as a result of the PPACA, noting firms that tend to drop coverage are smaller employers and employers who employ low wage workers. Other sources have estimated as many as 43 million low wage employees may be dropped into the state exchanges. This would impregnablely increase taxpayer obligations and further increase the cost of the program. To compensate for the new tax expenses, companies can reduce profits, reduce administrative costs, reduce labor costs (fewer jobs or lower wages), or raise their premiums. The global jacket crown market is highly competitive and many companies already have prevailing incentives to reduce administrative costs.Therefore, they are more like ly to raise premiums or reduce labor costs, or a combination of both. Mercer, an employee benefits consulting firm, revealed in a November 2012 research area that in addition to considering lower-cost plans, two-thirds of companies polled express they would also raise health care costs for workers through higher co-pays and deductibles, regardless(prenominal) of whether the employee is a chief executive officer or a line worker at a factory (Murphy). This is a job destroying law that will negatively affect nearly everyone.The cost of the tax increase will result in lower wages, hire unemployment, lower hours worked per employee, cut jobs, lower profits, lower shareh onetime(a) returns, less innovation, and higher prices for consumers. The new tax mandate will create access barriers to healthcare and services, further increasing costs. Companies will travel very cautiously before committing themselves to new investments and employment decisions. The effect this has on economic gr owth, innovation, and job creation is significantly counterproductive toward the goal of increase growth in this anemic economy.Increased Health restitution CostsThe PPACA imposes a number of new requirements on health insurance companies, including being barred from desktop premiums based on medical business relationship, limitation to varying premiums based on age, extending dependent coverage for openhanded children until the age of 26, and eliminating the lifetime cap on health insurance coverage. The effects on the provisions and taxes will likely be passed onto employers and individuals in the form of higher insurance premiums, especially for younger adults, thereby subsidizing older Americans. The law allows premium costs to vary by a ratio of three to one, based on age.Heritage research specifies The natural variation by age in medical costs is about five to one, meaning that the oldest group of non-Medicare adults normally consumes about five times as much medical care as the youngest group. Under Obamacare, young adults will pay exaggeratedly high premiums, and older adults will pay unnaturally low premiums. Young adults in the exchange, who are under the age of 30, will actualise an eight percent increase in their premiums (Radnofsky).The ban on establishing premiums based on medical history also increases premiums for individuals who are healthy. Individuals with continuing disease have healthcare expenses three times greater than those without chronic disease. The Kaiser Family Foundation study found that due to the health laws restrictions on how much prices can vary by age, having older, sicker people participating in the insurance exchanges could drive up premiums for everyone in those exchanges by three percent, or $141 for each enrollee in 2014.Delay Economic GrowthThe law charges insurance companies and imposes a 40 percent excise tax on individuals with high-premium insurance plans. The excise tax applies to insurance plan premiums e xceed $8,500 for individuals and $23,000 for families, for the cost of combining health savings accounts, medical, prescription drugs, dental, vision, etc. There is a higher threshold for early retirees and high-risk professionals of $9,850 for singles and $26,000 for a family. Until 2019, these thresholds will be indexed to the general price inflation, confirming one percent. In CBOs latest projections, the plan is expect to cost taxpayers $87 billion between 2011 and 2019. The PPACA enforces a new 3.8% investment income tax and an additional 0.9% Medicare payroll tax on individuals with annual income exceeding $200,000 and on families and small businesses with annual income exceeding $250,000.Similar to the previous laws Medicare payroll tax, the revenue from the additional 0.9 percent tax will be allocated to the Medicare HI Trust Fund. The tax increase is expected to cost this group of individuals $210 billion between 2012 and 2019 (Howard). High tax rates carry economic penalt ies. They cause taxpayers to base decisions more on tax considerations and less on economic merit. Additionally, high taxes can condense the size of the tax base, raising less revenue than the causal bystander might assume. A study by Ernst and Young has concluded higher tax rates will result in a significant increase in the average marginal tax rates on businesses, wages, and investment income, as well as the marginal effective tax rate on new business investment (Prante).The study finds that these higher marginal tax rates result in a smaller economy, fewer jobs, less investment, and lower wages. Specifically, the study found that the higher tax rates will have a substantial adverse economic affect in the long-run that includes lowering output, employment, investment, the capital stock, and after tax income. higher(prenominal) tax rates on wages reduce work effort and labor force community (Prante). The higher tax rates on capital gains and dividends increase the cost of equity capital, which discourages savings and investment, and reduces capital available for companies to grow. In effect, capital investment falls, which reduces labor productivity and means lower output and backup standards in the long run (Prante). These economic destructive policies will impede an already weak economy. determinationPPACAs taxes, penalties, and fees on investors and businesses will decrease the amount of investment in the economy. The law is packed full of taxes on individuals, employers, medical device companies, insurance companies, and pharmaceutical companies. Almost all of these costs will be passed along to employers and individuals in the form of higher insurance premiums, reduced wages and employment, and reduced investment in products and services. In turn, this reduced investment will lead to a decline in productivity. Higher taxes on investments also put upward pressure on interest rates as investors seek to execute their after-tax desired rate of return. Lo wer wages reduce the amount of taxable income that could otherwise have been achieved.This will increase the deficit and grow the total debt, putting upward pressure on interest rates and push out some savings that could have gone to new productive business investments. collectable to higher interest rates, more American tax dollars will go toward paying the interest on the federal debt rather than paying down principle. Simulations using dynamic analysis estimate that the government would spend an average of $23 billion more per year on interest rate payments between 2010 and 2020 that it would without the PPACA (Campbell). The handing over of the PPACA has and will continue to substantially worsen a dire federal fiscal and economic outlook, accomplishing the face-to-face of its intention. The actual economic cost in money and jobs will not fully be cognize for years, but the outlook is dismal at best.Works CitedBlahous, Charles. The Fiscal Consequences of the Affordable Health Care Act. Mercatus gist at George Mason University, n.d. Web. 20 Nov. 2012. http//mercatus.org/sites/default/files/publication/The-Fiscal-Consequences-of-the-Affordable-Care-Act_1.pdf. Dubay, Curtis S. Obamacare and New Taxes Destroying Jobs and the Economy. Tax Increases in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. The Heritage Foundation, 20 Jan. 2011. Web. 30 Nov. 2012. http//www.heritage.org/research/reports/2011/01/obamacare-and-new-taxes-destroying-jobs-and-the-economy. Graham, John R. Obamacares Medical-Device Tax Kills Patients, Not meet Jobs.Forbes. Forbes Magazine, 06 June 2012. Web. 03 Dec. 2012. http//www.forbes.com/sites/aroy/2012/06/06/obamacares-medical-device-tax-kills-patients-not-just-jobs/. Howard, Paul. The Impact of the Affordable Care Act on the Economy, Employers, and the Workforce. Center for Medical Progress at the Manhattan Institute, 9 Feb. 2011. Web. 21 Nov. 2012. http//www.manhattan-institute.org/pdf/testimony_02092011PH.pdf. Jargon, Julie, Loui se Radnofsky, and ALexandra Berzon. Health Care Law Spurs a Shift to Part Time Workers. Wall channel Journal. N.p., 4 Nov. 2012. Web. 2012. http//online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970204707104578094941709047834.html?mod=djemHL_t. Murphy, Patricia. Cadillac Tax in Health Plan Would Hit Middle course Hard. Politics Daily. The Capitolist, n.d. Web. 30 Nov. 2012. http//www.politicsdaily.com/2009/12/17/cadillac-tax-in-health-plan-would-hit-middle-class-hard/. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.

Salem Telephone Company Case Solution Essay Example for Free

Salem Telephone Company Case Solution EssayIn order to improve their pass profit income, Flores has suggested three options as follows. Option 1 is to ontogeny the price to $1,000 per mo while reduce demand by 30% option 2 is to reduce the price to $600 per second while increase demand by 30% option 3 is to increase revenue mos by up to 30% through increasing their progress woo. Each option go away affect profit income in the following waysFor option 1Profit 1 = 205 hours * $400 per hour + $1,000 per hour * (138 * 70%) hours total hours (205 + 138 * 70%) * variable cost $28.7 per hour total fixed cost 2,939= -,994. 92 For option 2Profit 2 = 205(400) +600(138 * 130%)-(179.4 +205)*(28.7) -212,939= -$34,331.28 For option 3Profit 3 =205(400) +800(179.4)-(205 + 179.4)*(28.7) -212,939 = $1,548.72In conclusion, for option1 and 2, both will decrease in net income. Option 1 will decrease net income by (-30,383) (-42,994.92) = $12,611.82, and option 2 will decrease net income b y (-30,383) (-34,331.28) = $3,948.18. For option3, net income will increase to a benefit amount. If the procession expense is equal to or less than 1548.72, this option should be taken consideration. On the other hand, if the promotion expense exceeds 1,548.72, the net income will turn into negative. However, as long as it is much profitable than -$30,383, option 3 is the optimal choice.Since option 1 and 2 make their net income even worse and option 3 requires them to spend very little on promotion, there is a suggestion to c retreat SDS instead of noticeing it. However, if they close SDS, the change in their net income will beExhibit 5They will save costs in maintenance, power, and so on, but they will lose the rent profit $8,000 if there is no other company rents that floor. Besides, they need to outsource and the outsourcing cost will be 205 hours * $800 per hour = $164,000. Therefore, as it is shown in Exhibit 5, their extra cost of closing SDS will be $94,356. If they don t rent the place to other companies, they will suffer more loss than keep SDS. As a result, they should keep SDS instead of closing it.What they can do to make their income better is to exercise option 3, which is to increase commercial revenue hours by up to 30% through putting more money on promotion. This may be unrealistic because if we look into their promotion cost in March, we hear out that they spent $8,083 (increased 15% compared to February) on promotion and they increased commercial revenue hours by whole very few percentages (only roughly 2%). In order to control their increase in promotion cost fewer than 1548.72, they need to increase only roughly 20% of promotion costs to throw a 30% increase in commercial revenue hours.Assume the relationship between promotion costs with commercial revenue hours is what we observed in February and March (15% increase in promotion cost brings an 2% increase in commercial revenue hours), they need to increase (30% / 2%) * 15% = 225 % in promotion costs, which would be 8083 * (1 + 225%) = 26,270. Under this assumption, net income of choosing option 3 will turn out to be 1548.72 26,270 = -24,721.28. Still, option 3 would bring them least loss and it is the optimal choice.