Aberdeen Tartan Day This repo

Aberdeen Tartan Day This repoAberdeen Tartan Day This report examines the info from a Market Research Questionnaire presented to visitors of Aberdeen. Awareness of aside accompaniments is reviewed and, preferences for future events are examined, with mixed alternatives being explored.On August 5, 2005 Aberdeen City Council held its endorsement Tartan Day. In an effort to expand this newfound tradition Council wishes to explore take aims of interest in different types of potential activities. In the past such activities as the region Fair, walking tours, a family day at the Union Terrace and extra Jacobite displays at Provost Skenes House were included in the programme.The data, provided by the client, consisted of 30 respondents to the questionnaire. Although this rate is small it is sufficient to extract some general culture for Aberdeen City Council to make decisions regarding future events. The painful data were assumed to be correct as well as the methods for collect ing the data deemed appropriate.The raw data were copied to a minitab file (available upon request) and various graphs and statistical tests performed. Means and medians were compared and, in some cases, correlation coefficients were calculated to identify relationships surrounded by welkins.Demographically the respondents were evenly get around by gender and equally distributed in the three age ranges 15-19, 20-24 and 25-29. xxviii live in Aberdeen City, 23 are college school-age childs, one secondary student and six employed full time. All six of the respondents employed had salaries infra 1500 per month. at that place was huge variance in the level of consciousness respondents had in the events held in Aberdeen last course. Of the 30 people surveyed al close all were awake(predicate) of the Free at the Dee event but less than 25% were aware(p) of Tartan Day.EventNumber AwareNumber attendedAberdeen Jazz fiesta62Aberdeen International Football Festival141Aberdeen Interna tional Youth Festival131Free at the Dee2814Tartan Day71International Traders Fair4010k Fun fountain82Highland Games153Apart from the traders fair, the football game and youth festivals, the Tartan Day attracted the fewest percent of the people aware of its existence. Free at the Dee attendms to have generated the keenest attraction.How respondents find out about events attached with their hobbies and interests is shown belowCommunication method share who used thisTV50%Press22%Posters18% school text Message20% net profit60% electronic mail30%Word of Mouth93%Leaflets13%Clearly word of mouth and the internet seem to be the roughly effective communication modes with traditional print modes (leaflets, posters, press) among the least. A review of the hail effectiveness of e-mail and the internet compared to TV may be charge undertaking. Note that since many respondents make use of more than one media the preceding(prenominal) percents add to more than 100%.The pie chart below sh ows the relative popularity of the five proposed fundaments for future Tartan Day events. These are based on the heel of respondents who chose apiece activity as either their get-go or second choice.The boxplot below poignantly illustrates how the respondents voted. The shaded area shows how the middle half voted with the line in the box showing the median. The broad box for sports indicates the wide range of opinions related to the desirability of sports as a theme but whereas the small shaded area for unison indicates a strong consensus (the median is actually 1). The star at 4 for music is a lone dissenter called an outlier. Clearly incomplete theatre, art nor gameland games are very attractive as themes to the respondents. No one class-conscious theatre or art as number one and a singular champion of highland games voted it a first choice. Both sport and music seem to be popular. Twenty ranked music as number one and 8 ranked it as number 2 where sport received nine vot es in each category.A closer inspection of the data discontinueed that those that come outd music high as an activity tended to place sports low. A similar relationship held between highland games and theatre. This information could be valuable should the mission decide to read two events concurrently.Most people who evince a preference voted for the event to be held at the beginning of July either at the beach or Duthie Park.MonthCountTimeCountPlaceCountJune11Beginning of month13Beach11July16 windup of month1Duthie Park14August2No preference16Union Terrace3September1Castle Gate1Exhibition Centre1 cardinal percent of the respondents would ilk to see a Scottish theme (Haggis, black Angus Beef burgers, Whisky and tartan) at the festival. Almost a quarter had no preference.Two-thirds of the respondents claimed to be willing to conduct for this event and, of those, an overwhelming 80% deliver the goods 1 to 5 as reasonable with the rest willing to pay between 6 and 10.Since a fu ll two thirds of the respondents selected music as the theme they would prefer for future events a review of their preferences might reveal some additional information. The music lovers showed the same generally low level of cognizance and participation at the various events held in Aberdeen last year as the complete sample of thirty respondents. The first surprise is the mode of communication for the people who selected music.Communication modeMusic PeoplePercent who used thisFull SamplePercent who used thisTV50%50%Press75%22%Posters65%18%Text Message20%20%Internet60%60%e-mail30%30%Word of Mouth90%93%Leaflets20%13%The separate that choose music made use of most media the same as the full cohort with the notable exceptions that the music host made much more use of the printed media press, posters and leaflets. The planning committee may wish to take this into account when designing their advertising. Advertising in the printed media could place more emphasis on the music aspect a nd other forms of media rear a more general audience.The music group favoured the beginning of July as did the building block group with an even greater percentage favouring Duthie Park. They also would like to see a Scottish theme added to the festival although whether this is confined to food, tope and dress or includes the music was not indicated.Last years booklet heralded ten out of its sixteen venues as admission free. Two-thirds of the respondents expressed a willingness to pay for the event they chose as a potential theme for Tartan Day (ie. they expressed a willingness to pay for a music event). The committee will need to consider the question of fee from a philosophical view as well as a hardheaded one. Generally the profile of the group willing to pay aligns closely to the whole group of respondents with a few notable exceptions. The potential payers showed greater attending at both the 10K fun run and the highland games. They relied less on internet for communicati on and slightly more on e-mail. They showed a significantly greater reliance on TV for communication. None of the potential payers wished to see Tartan Day in August and they favoured Duthie Park very strongly.The data were reviewed by parsing other subgroups with no startling results. The age groupings and the groupings according to craft status showed no difference from the group as a whole. There were slight gender differences in the choice of media. Females tended to favour the press and posters.A number of questions emerge naturally from the above results. If music is to be a theme what kind of music would be best received? Could thither be two themes like music and sport? The survey did not indicate family status. If Tartan Day is to be a family event this group could be targeted in any follow-up surveys.The general level of awareness as indicated by the participants of the survey of Tartan Day in the past has been low and the attendance even lower.Based on the survey result s the committee should consider changing the date of Tartan Day to early in July. The majority favour a music theme with the venue at Duthie Park and they are willing to pay a small influence fee (below 5).Depending on the target group a variety of media should be used to communicate the events of the day.

How Important Is Race In US Politics?

How Important Is line of achievement In US Politics?I am the son of a s sessdalous man from Kenya and a clear woman from Kansas, asserted Barack Obama in 2008 and for as long as I live, I provide never forget that in no former(a)wise country on Earth is my story possible. This speech came in troop 2008 until this point nonifydidates on both sides had keep offed discussing extend as an issue. Obama wished to establish himself-importance as a crapperdidate outside of flight, yet ultimately this was non possible. Those inappropriate to this schema ensured that bucket along re importanted an integral promoter in the 2008 pick and the wider US g everywherenmental scene. dry wash chiffonier be seen to link to a soma of policy beas. For lawsuit, a recent New York Times article states that, quaternary in 10 sullen children ar born into poverty enchantment little than unity in 10 egg white children argon.2Statistics such as this tell that scarper in connect ion with frugals and contour are telephone exchange issues for US government activity to a undischargeder extent than gener solelyy. The Center for Disease Control and streak compi take an extensive report in January 2011 detailing racial disparities in a broad array of health problems highlighting the incessant auguryifi brush offce of endure as a policy issue, curiously in popular discourse, as this report received much mainstream media aid.3 no enlightenhe slight the subsequent issues raised by quicken take a crap changed. No longer are blatant displays of racism soci tout ensembley or legally acceptable so what is preventing us from deeming the States a post-racial society?4Further more than than, why is a post-racial society the aspiration? On the one hand, it falls in line with the the Statesn principle of a united nation, yet on the near other hand it is considered dangerous to tackle to emb feed diverse cultures, after so more years of segregation. Fu rthermore, the absence seizure of overt favouritism does not mean that exclusion has ended, rather, that the character of such discrimination has changed.5This paper shall argue the continuing vastness of accelerate in US governance, both finished with(predicate) its overt influence on policy make as fountainhead as its implicit influence as a good deal discussions which avoid race are fashioning an equally important statement. This stress shall consider race largely in terms of traditional binaries of dull and clean-living. Incorporating an analysis of ethnicity forget be too broad, curiously as dustup and immigration would need to be considered. Obamas option as a mixed-race Ameri endure has brought traditional binaries of caustic and White back to the forefront of discussions. While other minority mathematical themes do add another layer of complexity, analysis of this goes beyond the scope of this essay. A foster constraint has meant that race bequeath be d iscussed with impress to the domestic, and in particular, on a federal level. Historically race issues differed betwixt states, and era in that respect whitethorn still be adaptation watching perceptions mingled with more conservative or more liberal states, a discussion of federal policy regarding race exit al mild wider conclusions to be drawn.Race tail assembly be considered to encompass issues of governmental policy, party policy, cosmos perceptions and political strategy. If race is viewed in this bureau it is possible to attempt to wear political and legislative conceptions of race from discussions of individual discrimination. The former is the focus for this paper. all(prenominal) of these factors become heightened during election years, where race bear upons to burst state, even within the corresponding party. Notably, the emergence Tea Party faction on the republi cigaret side, a platform for conservative populist discontent rises views held are not cu rrent of all of the Republi fag Party furthermore, it whitethorn not necessarily fit views of all Tea Party extendments, as there is no single(a) Tea Party.6It is the temperament of US political parties to encompass grand variation within the main parties. Election years provide an increased sensory faculty of the political, and as such will provide recent frameworks of the trends in racial politics. This raise be seen presently through the debate over Obamas charge of birth with the administration choosing to release the long birth certificate forrader the next election cycle. The argument will proceed through triple substantive sections basicly a discussion of race and the electorate second, the factors which carry on to find out racial inequality and finally governing, including an analysis of candidate choice.Race and relegateRecent shifts in the the Statesn demographic are crucial to accord how race as an issue has changed, particularly in the post- chaparral e ra. This change in administration provided substantive change in some areas, but arguably not during the 2008 driving period. Minorities did, and will, continue to be a secondary awe while White voters retain plurality status, this notion boastd conspicuously in the 2008 general election, as voting statistics advise parties will continue to bring White issues to the forefront in coif to win elections. It can be seen that there is a glaring ideological disconnect surrounded by the propensity and reality of a race-free society.7Teasley and Ikard, in their article The Myth of Postracism suggest the danger of complete investment in postracial thinking, particularly for the or so economically vulnerable African American commonwealth. The prominent liberal view of racial policy suggests a cautious approach, favouring the idea of a colour unreasoning society. While it is suggested that there is no currently viable alternative to a liberal vision of race, it can be inferred that at least racism as a scheme acknowledges the persistence of racism in America.8 sarcastic Race Theory (CRT) favours a race conscious approach, reliant upon political organisation. In arguing the need for CRT, Metzler presents an argument for why the term postracial is mindless as a critique.9Usefully, the possibleness also allows for intersections between race, class and sex. A basic premise is that while electoral decisions whitethorn claim to be colour blind they are actually steeped in racist ideology.10For example, it can be argued that race as a political factor will be avoided as much as possible unless a politicians political survival depends on it. Example 2008 or Sotomoyar The premise of a race neutral campaign is to develop a coalition of support, heedless of race. up to now ultimately, there remains a divergence as to why different racial chemical groups voted for Obama, while many Whites voted for Obama as a authority to move beyond race, many shockings voted f or him as a way to vindicate the consummate moody race.11While the term vindicate may be unnecessarily emotive, the notion of collective pitch-black support for Obama is of import as an example of the unceasing relevance of race in US electoral politics and the differing motives for voting behaviour.The mere suggestion that issues still exist as dimmed or White demonstrates the continuing immensity of race. by and by his 2000 election victory, Bush was famously advised that if he did not improve his minority vote, he would be unable to win the next election. The pattern of immigration in the US has left the country with a large multicultural demographic. The nature of such immigration, existence both forced through slavery, and voluntary, is a comparatively unique phenomenon as such racial issues are historically grow in much of American society. This seems to make some of the electorate, particularly minorities, more inclined to talk close to race, while lots having th e opposite adjoin among White voters. cod to the process in minority populations, there has been a proportional decrease to the White population. In 2008, the sinister population only if comprised 12.8% of the population. The national census of 2010 readys this original figure at 12.6%, demonstrating a further demographic shift, with African Americans no longer comprising the studyity minority, with the Black population comprising a smaller proportion than other minority groups.12This suggests a limit to traditional oppositional binaries of Black vs. White, with mod minorities come alonging ever increasing populations, and in theory increasing significance. Binaries remain important, but it is important to realise that they do not always give us a complete picture as an increasing take of citizens describing themselves as multi-racial, 3.4% in the plump census.13However, in the 2008 election focus was not accustomed evenly to each minority group. peradventure because so me minority groups are more valuable when translated into votes, or perhaps because some groups are more politically active than others. South Asian voters had a huge fix on the democratic primaries in 2008, particularly in California, yet the binary view continued to dominate discussions. This may comport been a temporary fluctuation, encouraged by the race between a Black candidate and a White candidate for the presidency. nonetheless it seems that the trend is actually a continuation from a long rest write up of dealing in terms of Black and White issues of race. The Black friendship also remains much more vocal than other minority groups, particularly more assimilated Asian voters. Ultimately, binaries remain useful in demonstrating the importance of race in contemporary politics, as it remains that conflicts between Black issues and White issues are at the forefront of debate, particularly with regard to healthcare and education.In the 1990s, Bill Clinton restored the Dem ocratic Partys rivalrousness by mostly avoiding the race-specific empty words and policies that had helped drive disaffected White voters toward the Republican opposition. The boom he presided over produced political and economic benefits for African-American families as well as well as Whites, making him popular with both groups. Comparing this to the situation in 2008 a deeper analysis of Obamas poll shapes indicates that very little changed in terms of voting habits in this election cycle.14Thus, on the surface it seems noteworthy that Obama has in(predicate)ly reproduced the polling numbers of Clinton, a White Southerner, adding substance to the post-racial argument.15Yet in context, Obama was nominated during a period of frustration with the outperform Republican administration, at a time of economic uncertainty, and when a contemporaries of African Americans had won elected office. Thus it can be seen how race as a domestic issue is well-nigh interlinked with other fac tors, notably feeling toward the outgoing administration and the fluctuating state of the economy. As such, examples which are often cited to demonstrate the decreasing significance of race can actually be at least partially attributed to other factors.The socioeconomic divide in America is expanding in a multiracial society where the races are unequal, there will often be a racial dimension to class differences, for class is an in force(p) recoder of racism.16Reed suggests that this is an historical trend, built on the back of enslaved Africans, as such, for Reed, race and colour convey always been the ultimate determinants of socioeconomic status.17Yet it seems that the greatest divide came long after the period of reconstruction. Since 1970 the socioeconomic divide has become more evident while the status of the most disfavour members of the minority population deteriorated, that of the goodd has notably improved.18This is clearest in relation to the Black American population . As such, it seems that race becomes less important because of socioeconomic factors. The rate of rise is also notable in several areas, such as college attendance, Blacks have make those improvements at a relatively faster rate than the report progress of comparable Whites.19Thus, the fact that the number of Blacks enrolled full-time at colleges and universities intimately doubled between 1970 and 1980 (to over 1 million) demonstrates that there is a developing economic schism between lower-income and higher-income Black families, with the lower members of the community being left behind.20Policies such as affirmative action enhance this trend, doing more for the more advantaged members of Black communities compared to those from lower incomes. With race being so closely connected to socioeconomic conditions, it only increases its importance as a factor in US politics as the subject becomes broader.Hooks divides the Black community into class groups, and suggests that this ha s a considerable impact on perceptions by both the Black and the White community.21The impact of this has been to divide the Black community into sub groups, with many of the higher-income families becoming more and more assimilated with the White community. As a basic concept this is still relevant, yet much of what Hooks skand so forth has become dated. Hooks argued that class- found racial integration disrupted what he terms, racial solidarity in essence that antecedently class standing was irrelevant to the Black community, but increased integration has erased this bond between communities.22While it can be accepted that there did exist a sense of community, it is not original to say this has diminished to the extent which Hooks believed. Significantly, it seems the nomination of Obama reignited a sense of Black community the mobilisation of Black voters can be attributed to a growing sense of group consciousness and em actorment.23Yet what is more convincing, is Hooks argum ent regarding communities. The emergence of what has been termed, a Black mettle class, has led to wealth being removed from communities, leaving the poor and underclass as isolated segregated communities.24Race and the mediaIt is important to consider whether race can continue to be discussed independently, or if class is now a more important issue. It seems the two issues are, and have been, fundamentally intertwined, cod to long standing inequalities linking back to before the Civil War. However, the extent of this has changed, and the emergence of Black middle class has led class to move toward the forefront of political discussions of race. It is significant to discuss how and why the public produce conceptions of race, with particular emphasis on the role of the media as a source. As a nation, America emerged from a unique frame of oppression and slavery. As such, race remains deeply rooted in the lives of many Americans. In an age where post-racial politics seems to be a c ommon aspiration, for electoral benefit as much as for issues of equality, it is important to realise how race continues to appear on the political agenda. or so significant events can be cited in contemporary American politics as periods of change. The terrorist attacks of September 2001 permanently altered American domestic and strange policy and new issues of race were raised with the growing politicisation of Islamophobia. More recently, with regard to the binaries discussed so far, came the political impact of hurricane Katrina in 2005. Worst affected by this disaster was the city of New Orleans, which had a substantial Black population. The low-d have of the people of New Orleans allowed the Democratic Party to establish itself as an alternative and allowed it to distinguish itself through the racial politics of hurricane Katrina. It gave the Democrats the chance to put race onto the political agenda, yet arguably Obama attempted to distance himself from this strategy. Thi s labor was made easier for the Democrats ascribable to a period of exceedingly publicised racial shaming. By the time of the 2008 election, the Democrats were seen as a viable alternative to the Republican Party, who were famously give tongue to not to care astir(predicate) Black people.25This reiterate from an influential Black performer became a popular sound bite, demonstrating the importance of the media, and as such it did much to contribute to Bushs unpopularity. Following hurricane Katrina, many people sought to answer the question of whether its social issuances and the government answer to the countrys biggest natural disaster had more to do with race or class. Or if once more, they were unavoidably linked.An argument surrounds the prominence race received as a factor in the Katrina disaster. While liberals could be accused of citing race in an attempt to reference a wider, more historic discrimination a get throughst Blacks, it was not an potent strategy as it di d little to alter government policy. Therefore, although addressing Katrina as a race issue had a profound effect on the electorate, it was only later that it began to really influence policy. However, it seems that concluding class to be a more significant factor, is to divert attention away from race, hence discouraging a deeper discussion about the ways race and class intertwine.26Ultimately, Katrina is a prime example of the intrinsic way race and class are intertwined, largely due to the historical nature of racism in the parting, in relation to ho utilize and neighbourhood dissemination. Few comparisons were made between White and Black residents, but as Lavelle and Feagin suggest only 17% of Whites lacked rag to a car to evacuate with, compared to 60% of Black residents.27Media images showed nearly all those left suffering in New Orleans were Black Americans, making it seem standardised a race issue however those in more financially stable positions were able to live in safer areas, those families most able to afford homes in safer flood-protected areas and that had resources to evacuate easily suffered much less than poorer families, seemingly suggesting a class issue. Furthermore, what is also significant about the Katrina example is the way in which the media reported the story. The media are one of the most effective methods of communication across the US, as such, what is reported is highly influential among the electorate It is universally accepted that visual modality media hold great power, as they transmit schooling to the public and are free to highlight certain news items and edit others, mise en scene the agenda of public life and creating consensus or disagreement on certain issues.28However, it took until September, a month after the disaster, for the media story to shift from stories of Black annoyance to the failures of government in mediating the disaster.Representation of race in the media has often contained rigid stereotype s, particularly with regard to the traditional binaries. This becomes increasingly problematic when it is considered that the portrayal may equate to the only contact a member may have with a particular racial group. In a hire carried out by Johnson, he highlighted this dilemma questioning the consequences If somebody is subsisting in Boston, and all their information on Black Bostonians comes from the media, what does that look like?29Johnson purported that White owned media in Boston tended to report more tally to stereotypes than the Black owned media. While it was the Black owned agencies that were said to widen more positive stories, alongside the negative. Conducting a follow up to this initial study in the 1980s, Johnson looked at the distribution of coverage at the morsel of the century. While crime stories continue to top the kind of coverage given to African Americans, the percentage of this coverage has dropped. Among Black owned media, education stories became cen tral, with crime stories being agencyd much lower. Perceptions are crucial in politics, particularly in such a vast nation as America. Kellstedt suggests that there is a lack of substantive evidence supporting the notion that media coverage of race actually affects public opinion in any dictatorial way, yet he goes on to assert that it is an underlying assumption that the media has helped flesh the course of race politics.30Due to their communicative role, the way the media chose to relay stories, or even the choice in stories they portray, have a profound impact in the electorate there is a discourse of racism that advances the interests of Whites and that has an identifiable repertoire of words, images, and practices through which racial power is applied.31However, although the media still dominate communication, candidates are having an increasingly close relationship with the electorate through mediums such as social networking. As such, it seems candidates are getting incre asing access to the electorate, thus racial issues can be dealt with or avoided, as the candidates chose. Of course this is relative, and the media will always retain the power of scrutiny, as is the nature in a liberal democracy.If the media work on the political agenda in the aforementioned way, then what constitutes a racial issue? It seems any number of issues could constitute a racial issue. For example, with regard to education the percentage rates of high school graduates can be used to summarise that Black students are still failing at an alarming rate compared with White students.32Or with regard to housing although overt discrimination is no longer practiced, other practices still take place to isolate minorities from the housing commercialize place. Issues regarding joblessness, healthcare and criminal justice all continue to disproportionally affect people of colour. But what is important to question is whether these issues should be b line of battle as racial issues , or whether this in itself is an acknowledgement of a continual inequality. If the nation were to truly adopt colour blind policies, then the theory would suggest that issues should be discussed independently from race. As such, a policy about the environment should be isolated, even though it may impact disproportionately communities of colour. But if these issues are no longer treated in isolation, politicians can be accused of pandering towards affirmative action, which is still viewed sceptically by many of the electorate. To acknowledge that so many political issues can become issues of race acknowledges the uniqueness of race as an issue area. Whether the trade-off between separate policies is acceptable, or desirable, gets to the heart of racial policy in the USA.Is Race disinterest possible?Finally, it will be useful to look at the last presidential campaign, in order to discuss whether it can be cerebrate that the campaign was race neutral, and why this may have been an aspiration to so many candidates.33While this may have been the intention, partisan strategy among other factors, ensured that race was not allowed to remain off the political agenda. This continued to be true in light of the 2010 midterm elections, even though Obama was not on the ticket, much discussion among the media was once again given to his African American status and the impact this would have.Race can be seen to affect politics both implicitly and explicitly. Candidate choice was undoubtedly the aspect of race occupied most by the media. The beginning of the campaign was in line with the notion of an inclusive America. Yet the campaign shifted with the widespread circulation of lofty Wrights sermon, in which he controversially said, the government lied about weapons of mass destruction in Iraq being a threat to the United States peace.34Obamas candidacy became very clearly race bound. At this point Obama had to justify himself in racial terms, which was a strategy which had been avoided until this point. The significance of what has since been termed Obamas race speech in 2008 is not just that it was the get-go point in the campaign that race became openly discussed, but it is rather what Obama did in this speech, he acknowledged the continual tensions a part of our union we have yet to perfect.35He demonstrate that he was a clear personification of both oppositional binaries, while religious offering an ability to transcend them.Black support can be seen to be both a strength and weakness for democrats. Black support can alienate other groups of voters, traditionally there have been tensions between the Black and Hispanic communities.36De-racialization is seen during campaigning when candidates attempt to avoid explicit references to race issues, in attempt to remain inclusive. Concurrently, candidates use implicit strategies such as using racial symbolic Black and Latino faces in their literature while putting increased emphasis on issues whic h are perceived to be racially transcendent and ultimately, attempt to appeal to a broad excerpt of the electorate.37Thus even when race is not vocalised during an election, it still plays a brisk role. Charles Hamilton first proposed a race neutral strategy in 1973,38Obama has been said to follow such strategy, in that he did so much to avoid discussing race as an aspect of his campaign.39The supposed advantage of such avoidance is to encompass the widest possible selection of the electorate. With regard to voting behaviour, issues need to be ac kindad at those who will provide the swing vote. There are limitations on the political power and influence of minorities, thus making it able for parties to focus on the White major(ip)ity, and to use deracialisation strategies.40For example, Democrats traditionally receive a disproportionate share of the minority vote, as such, it is in their interest to direct policy to White issues because they can rely on receiveing Black votes reg ardless thus, the United States has racially polarized politics while race, itself, is depoliticised.41The running of a race neutral campaign is an acknowledgement in itself of the importance of race. If accepting that Black and White voters continue to prioritise different issue areas, it is also true to acknowledge that the running of a race-neutral campaign can be fractious to parallelism. The aim is to attract White voters without losing a connection to the Black community.Race will continue to be an issue even after the election period ends. With regard to Obama, it is again a new phenomenon if it assumed that the race neutral campaign will extend to an attempt at race neutral governing, then Obama will continue to avoid the issue of race. This has been seen through the first half of his first term. Race issues are not overtly mentioned unless completely necessary. However this is not due to Obamas skilled pragmatism. In fact, it seems Obama may be constrained by those who el ected him in the first place, as well as by the partisan tactics of the Republican opposition. If Obama had mount a concerted series of racial policy issues, then White voters may have felt alienated. A lot of the early fears from the campaign would be perceived to be correct for example that Obama was an African American interested in prioritising minority issues. This goes against the intended pluralistic nature of US politics. Reed claims that Americans will have to mount a concerted labour to have Obama promote anything regarded as a Black issue.42Thus, have African American issues actually been side-lined and consequently jeopardised through the election of the countrys first Black president. If Obama does continue to down play racial issues, Conservative arguments declaring the irrelevance of race will be strengthened.43Conservatives use Obamas image as a sign that racism is dead, while at the same time evoking race strategies against him.44Race becomes an unavoidable issue o f contToyota Sustainable Strategies And orbicular SuccessToyota Sustainable Strategies And Global SuccessThe global auto industriousness is a key domain of the economy for every major country in the origination. A huge invests in research, development and intersectionion result in gaining high patience performance (OICA, 2010). The high competition of key players in automotive hold BMW, FIAT, Ford, General Motor, Honda, Mitsubishi, Nissan, Peugeot Citroen, Toyota, Renault, Volkswagen, Hyundai and Daimler ..(Datamonitor, 2010).Toyota Motor Corporation has become one of the most successful companies in the world today. In 2010, Toyota was ranked number 5 of the worlds largest corporations (Fortune, 2010) and number 11 of the scoop out global bell ringers (Inter bell ringer, 2010). It is also considered as the most profitable organisation of railcar (Datamonitor, 2010). For almost 15 years J.D Power and other research firms have consistently rated Toyota and its luxury line, L exus, among the top automotive brand. oer 50 years automotive execution worldwide and its launched the world first commercial hybrid car, Prius, enhance Toyota more strengthen and gaining high belligerent advantage over the rivals in term of its reputation and dependableness, initial quality, and long-run durability (J.D Power, 2010 Stewart and Raman, 2007).Thus, study of Toyota international business operation could be provided distinctive knowledge for researcher in term of strategical implementation from some well-known literatures and an investigation of some facts and information could enhance more analytic skills.Therefore, this report will start with the analysis of political machine industry including grocery store place overview, market size of it and it competition situation. Follow by the reviews of Toyota Motor Corporation. Then, it strategic heed will be examined. After that, Toyota performance assessment will be scrutinized. Strategic analysis will be prov ided in order to obtain deep analysis of corporation. Finally, conclusion part will be summarised all information according to the researchers study.1. Automobile Industry1.1 mart OverviewDue to the progressive globalization, the climate change and the idea of air quality improvement, automobile requirers have put more efforts to create sustainable development which is to downplay fuel consumption and exhaust venting (UNEP, 2002). They have also made use of advanced technological solution to reduce waste and emission in the factories as well as to improve the vehicle synthetic rubber and recycling ideas (Oliver Wyman, 2010 UNEP, 2002). Moreover, it is very crucial for the industry to continue the concept of great product design and innovative development such as the green light in hybrid technology (Sturgeon, 2009, Oliver Wyman, 2010).In addition, Sturgeon et. al. (2009) explained four characteristics of the automobile industry which areA small number of huge firms have more p ower than small companies. Eleven huge and dominant companies from one-third countries including Japan, Germany, and the USA.The automobile industry has developed strong regional structure along with globalization integration.The final product assembly of vehicle has been moved to the home market due to political sensitivity issues.There are only a few(prenominal) generic parts and component systems that can be fit to all products. Therefore, it has to be customised before business.The automobile markets condition has also been driven by globalization which can be dissever into four categories Market globalization drivers, Cost globalsation drivers, Government globalization drivers, and Competitive globalisation drivers (YIP, 1992). The firms should actualise and manage these drivers in order to evaluate and gain their agonistic advantages. compend of the globalisation drivers for the automotive industry is demonstrated in work 1. general anatomy 1 Yips globalization drive rs of automobile industry witnesser Authors own1.2 Market SizeThe global market of new cars has been recovered from a turn down in value in 2008. In 2009, the market rose by 2.7% and reached a value of $1,019.2 million while its combined annual market growth rate was just 2.1% during 2005 2009. check to the pie chart shown on Figure 2, Toyota Motor Corporation took a 15.3% share of the markets volume being a mavener in the market, compared to Volkswagen (14.2% ) and Ford (8.1%) (Datamonitor, 2010).Figure 2 Market size and share of automobile witnesser suitable from Datamonitor (2010)1.3 ostiariuss Five ForcesPorters five forces (Porter, 1980) is the crucial tool to be used to analyse the important forces that determined the hawkish power of automobile industry as illustrated in figure 3understand both the strength of your current competitive position, and the strength of a position youre considering moving into.Figure 3 Porters five forcesSource Authors ownThreat of New Entr antsIt can be said that there is low threat of new entrants in the automobile industry since it has reached the mature dot of the product life cycle. If a new company wants to enter the market, it demand to achieve economic of scale embody reduction and mass product. Consequently, the new comer is required to have a huge amount of superior in order to own its automotive manufacture and innovative technology. Moreover, it is quite difficult for a new player to have its distribution have a bun in the oven and dealers due to the strong channel of the key companies and their reputation.Bargaining Power of SuppliersIn order to produce a vehicle, it consists of many components perform final product assembly. A lot of suppliers are then involved in product process. They are very similar due to the fact that raw materials are not different. As a result, it will be very prospering to change suppliers since they have low bargaining power.Bargaining Power of BuyersConsumers are the ma in players in this industry since the automotive business depends on them. It is not difficult for them to switch the brands if they are not satisfied. However, in order to leverage a new car, they have to deal with a dealer only. Therefore, it can be said that there is moderately high bargaining power of the buyers in the automotive industry.Threat of Substitute ProductsPublic transport, walking, cycling etc. can be substitute products for automobiles. Also, the geographic location has considerable effect on consumers purchasing decision. People in Venice, for example, travel by sauceboat only. However, it will be more convenient to use automobile in order to go to most places. Consequently, threat of substitute products is moderately low. rapture of Rivalry among CompetitorsThere is very high intensity of rivalry among competitors due to a lack of product differentiation. It is found that the key players in the industry are fairly balanced therefore, one can easily gain the others market share. As a consequence, in order to advertise a product, the company has to consider and compare all aspects including quality, bell, durability, and others to its competitors.1.4 Strategic Groups AnalysisPorter (1980) defined a strategic group as a group of companies in an industry which implement similar strategy. According to figure 4, it can be seen that the mass market follows cost leadership strategy while differentiation strategy is utilise by the luxury group (Peng, 2009). The ultra-luxury group generally utilises focus strategy (Peng, 2009). For Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota and Scion brands are developed by cost leadership strategy to compete in the mass market whereas it distributes Lexus brand for Luxury market (Toyota, 2010).Figure 4 Strategic group analysisSource Adapted from Peng (2008) and Henry (2008)Furthermore, Oliver Wyman (2010) suggested that the automobile industry can be split up onto two different types of companies including mega groups and i ndependent champions. Mega groups have their own manufacturers, technologies, platforms, and engines whereas independent champions depend on channel resources and their networks. Consequently, Toyota has been considered as maga groups due to the reasons above. This can be illustrated by successful OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) paradigm as shown in figure 5.Figure 5 Successful OEM diagramSource Adapted from Oliver Wyman (2010)2. TOYOTA Motor Corporation2.1 Company BackgroundToyota Motor Corporation, a Nipponese automaker, was established in 1937 by Kiichiro Toyoda (Toyota, 2010). Owning to its solid finance and an increase in demand of vehicles, it had become one of the strongest carmaker around mid-2008 (IHS, 2010). This is also because of its emf business strategy focusing on product innovation and its end product efficiency (Takeuchi, Osono, and Shimizu, 2008). Finally, in 2010, Toyota was ranked number 5 of the worlds largest corporations (Fortune, 2010) and number 11 of the best global brands (Interbrand, 2010)2.2 TOYOTA Global Vision 2020Toyotas vision is to investigate and balance the relationship between the cycles of nature and the cycles of industry. Thus, its slogan is Open the Frontiers of Tomorrow which expresses the desire of Toyota and the efforts of its employees toward the realization of societys dreams in order to build a way to a new world. The Toyota group believes that it can be accomplished though the capability of people and technology (Figure 6) (Toyota, 2010).Figure 6 Toyota global vision 2020Source Adapted from Toyota (2010)2.3 TOYOTA Biodiversity GuidelineBiodiversity framework (Figure 7), one of the sustainability principles of Toyota, was developed in order to emphasise on three areas contributions through technology, collaboration and cooperation with society, and information manifestation (Toyota, 2010).Figure 7 Toyota biodiversity guidelineSource Adapted from Toyota (2010)2.4 TOYOTA Corporate mixer ResponsibilityToy ota CSR policy consists of three main areas including social, environmental, and economic aspects (Figure 8). Based on its guideline principle, Toyota implements all business activities in order to create harmonised and sustainable society in each country (Toyota, 2010).Figure 8 Toyota CSR policySource Adapted from Toyota (2010)3. Toyota Strategic Management3.1 The Toyota WayIn 1935, Sakichi Toyoda, the founder of the company, originally purposed five key principles to develop company and its employees beliefs (Toyota, 2010). After that, in order to provide rigorous training to the new generation of its employees, the company realised that these five important principles should be documented and divided into two newspaper columns (Figure 9) which are Continuous improvement and Respect for people (Toyota, 2010, Stewart and Raman, 2007). For the first pillar, Continuous improvement can be called Kaizen which is Toyotas basic business management (Liker, 2004). It also focuses on indi vidual learning and improvement by evaluating ones self and being creative in order to achieve goals. Also, Toyota presents its second pillar by providing employment security and developing employees participation and responsibility in order to build understanding, trust, and loyalty among the team members (Liker, 2004).Figure 9 The Toyota waySource Adapted from Toyota (2010)3.2 New JIT a Management Technology outline Model of ToyotaA unique business strategy of Toyota called New JIT (Figure 10) has brought about its successful management and operation in the global market. New JIT is a management technology strategy model including three key areas Toyota market musical arrangement (TMS), Toyota return System (TPS), and Toyota teaching System (TDS) (Amasaka, 2002, 2007).Figure 10 A management strategy modelSource Amasaka (2002)3.3 Toyota Production System (TPS)Toyota production System (TPS) is the distinctive production system which enhances Toyota gaining higher competitive a dvantage over it competitors (Toyota, 2010 Amasaka, 2002 Takeuchi, Osono, and Shimizu, 2008). Taiichi Ohno invented TSP strategy in late 50s. Today this strategy became one of the most production efficiency in the world and many leading company use this platform extensively as an noble-minded prototype (Toyota, 2010 Takeuchi, Osono, and Shimizu, 2008). TPS designed House platform which mean that everyone can understand how it works (Figure 11).Toyotas global strategy on production is simple Toyota Production Systems (TPS). TPS was designed by Taiichi Ohno who was in charge of production for Toyota after WWII. Ohno implemented this strategy in the 1950s and 60s and today Toyota is one of the worlds most efficient factories because of TPS. The goal of TPS is to provide the best quality, lowest cost, and shortest lead time through the elimination of waste (Toyota, 2010, Amasaka, 2002). Below is the actual Toyota Production System layout in its form of a house.(Figure 11).Figure 11 Toy ota production systemSource Toyota (2010)3.4 Key Management DriversTakeuchi, Osono, and Shimizu (2008) pointed out the key of Toyotas success called Toyota six forces. It is influencing contradictions inwardly Toyota organisation can be divided into three forces of expansion and three forces of integration. Three forces of expansion causes changes and improvements in the company which are include setting impossible goals or near-unattainable goals from the view point of senior executives, local customization by producing products to suit local market needs and customise business trading operations under the same platform in each country and region, and experimentation that Toyotas eagerness to experiment helps it clear the hurdles that stand in the way of achieving near impossible goals.Another three forces of integration controls the balance between expansion and transformation. It can be seen this integration from values from the Toyota founders vision freight and performance, up-and-in people management, and open communication to all level of employee closely.4. Assessing Toyota Performance4.1 shuffle and Product PerformanceIn the market of passenger cars, Toyota owns and operates 3 major brands Toyota, Lexus and Scion (Toyota, 2010). Toyota offers more than 116 models distributing through different segments and provides customised models to attract local customers of each region in order to increase its gross sales volume (IHS, 2010). It can be seen Toyotas model strategy as shown in Figure 12.Figure 12 Model strategySource Adapred from Toyota (2010)4.2 Global Operation and ExpansionAccording to figure 13, on March 31st, 2010, Toyota had got 300,000 employees and 66 plants in 27 countries and regions with approximately one hundred seventy distributors and 8,000 dealers worldwide (Toyota, 2010). The efficient Toyota Production System (TPS) and high RD lead Toyota to a stronger position than its rivals in the automobile market (Takeuchi, Osono, and Shi mizu, 2008). According to Toyota (2010) the number of vehicle had produced in FY2010 were 6,809,000 units. It was decreased slightly when compared to last four years. The major products which distribute worldwide came from Japan plants (58.1%) follow by Asia (15.6%) and northern America (15.3%) (Figure 14) (Toyota, 2010). Regarding to distribution strategy, there are two main logistical concepts which are regional bases approach and dock-based approach are implemented by Toyota (Toyota, 2010). scorn the fact that Toyotas head office is located in Japan, its subsidiaries were founded over the world in order to create multiple regional headquarters including North America, Asia, Europe, and others (IHS, 2010). This means that the company can utilise localisation strategy to gratify different customers needs in each country. On the other hand, dock-based operation is used to manage the inspections and quality control before distributing to the regional dealers again (Toyota, 2010). Figure 13 Toyota operationSource Toyota (2010)Figure 14 Toyota productionSource Toyota (2010)4.3 Financial PerformanceDuring FY 2010, Toyota posted better-than-expected results despite the global capacious recall saga, which affected almost 10 million vehicles worldwide. For the 12 months expiration 31 March 2010, the automaker returned to profitability on the back of sprightly cost-cutting measures and strong sales recovery in major markets, including Asia, rebounding from its first-ever annual exit posted during the previous fiscal year. The automaker posted a net profit of 209.4 trillion (US$2.25 billion) during FY 2010, compared with a net loss of 437.0 billion during the previous fiscal year. Operating profit stood at 147.5 billion, versus an operating loss of 461.0 billion during the previous fiscal year, while pre-tax profit at the company stood at 291.4 billion, compared with a pre-tax loss of 560.4 billion, respectively. The significant improvement in operating remuner ation was largely thanks to 520 billion in savings through cost-cutting efforts, and 470.0 billion in savings through a reduction in frozen(p) costs. Revenues at the company declined by 7.7% y/y, however, from 20.5 trillion to almost 19.0 trillion, as a result of the drop in vehicle demand in major markets, including North America and Europe, and unfavourable currency translation effects.Figure 15 Financial performanceSourceToyota (2010)5 Toyota Strategic Analysis5.1 Competitive StrategyAccording to Porters generic strategy (Porter, 1980), it can be said that Toyota is placed in the group of stuck in the middle. However, Thompson and Strickland (2008) mentioned this strategy could be named as Best-cost provider since Toyota offers customers more value for money low cost products with comparable quality and features. This is because of Toyotas revolutionary lean production system based on product differentiation strategy with understanding of customers, rather than a relentless pur suit of cost reduction in the cost leader category (Thompson and Strickland, 2008). As shown on Figure 16.Figure 16 Toyotas competitive strategySource Authors own5.2 Core CompetencyOne main characteristic that Toyota always emphasises is Quality. Consumers make their decision to buy this brand because of its reliability and its durability. Moreover, in order to stress its quality, it has been said that the vehicles are Made by Toyota. This means that the quality of its vehicles is exactly the same even though they are produced from different part of the world (Toyota, 2010).However, there is another remarkable feature that Toyota has made efforts to create and present in order to change consumers perception. It is Innovation. In 2000, Toyota launched Pirus Hybrid to introduce its sustainable technology (Toyota, 2010). This product gained customers attention and were sell out about a million in the mid of the year. As a result, Full hybrid has become its core competent technology in 2010 (Toyota, 2010).Last but not least, it is its unique production system called Toyota Production System (TPS). This system includes Just-In-Time (JIT), one-piece flow, Kaizen (continue to improve), Jidoka (automotive stop), and Heijunka (leveled production) leading Toyota to provide the best quality, the lowest cost, the shortest lead time, and the best safety (Amasaka, 2002). Consequently, Toyota can achieve highly competitive advantages over its competitors.5.3 SWOT AnalysisStrengthsThe strong reputation and brand image is a significant competitive advantage to boost companys sales in both domestic and international market. Consumers recognize Toyota brand and its popularity so they are more willing to pay for its premium products.Research and Development (RD) has been emphasised to ensure and enhance its quality and its safety. Also, Toyota always pays more attention on environmental compatibility when developing new products.With its strong and respectable distribution chan nel and dealer network, Toyota can distribute and sell its products through 170 distributors and 8,000 dealers across the world.Toyota Production System (TPS) has been successfully developed leading Toyota to gain efficient production with the best quality, the lowest cost, and the shortest lead-time.WeaknessesDue to two safety recalls announced by Toyota, consumers have less confidence in its products and its brand image. This also has a significant impact on companys share price causing a drop of stock exchanges in Japan and overseas.Employees subvention fund has been decreasing owning to the financial instability. Toyota has been forced by regulation about unfunded pension therefore the company cannot control its liquidity position.Opportunities formula about energy saving and emission provides a great chance to Toyota since it has been developed Prius, a hybrid vehicles over the years. Hybrid technology is one of the most valuable competitive advantages of Toyota enhancing it to gain higher market position.In the next ten years, China, India, and South East Asian countries are forecast to be a key driving automotive market. Therefore, Toyota should take this chance to obviously present its brand in the Asain markets which could help increase its market share effectively.Due to many new cars launched by Toyota during 2009-2010, the company will be able to gain higher customer interest lend greatly to companys sales growth.The global automobile industry has been recovered from the economic recession and is expected to gradually accelerate in next year. Toyotas products and swear out can be expanded since they can be sold and distributed through its distribution network over the world.ThreatsSince there is high competition in the automobile industry, sale of Toyotas vehicles may be low and affect the companys finance and operation.Due to the different emission standard in different country, Toyota who sells and distributes products and proceeds to more than 100 countries has additional cost in order to test, develop, and manufacture each product for each country.Toyotas financial status is quite slender to foreign currency exchange fluctuation, especially the Euro, and the US dollar touch on material cost and price of products sold in foreign currencies. conclusionThe key success of Toyota based on the integration of its competitive advantage and its business philosophy of understanding people as well as balancing cycles of nature and industry.The constant RD and excellent product innovation have a massive effect on Toyotas performance its market growth and its market share. The operational excellence is implemented as a strategic weapon in order to improve its products and quality through its production strategy. The Toyota Production System (TPS) is efficiently developed and effectively integrated with Toyota market System (TMS) and Toyota Development System (TDS). Local customisations and multi-segmentations build Toyota mo re powerful than its rivals and gain positive perception from local consumers.

Project Management and Hemas Holdings

image prudence and Hemas Holdings1.1 Introduction on the regard trouble and Hemas Holdings FMCG. redact Management idler be expressed as the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to take c be activities to touch on the confound requirements. protrude Management has its long history which was undecomposed in practice bothy and has been officially recognised and emerged in mid of the 20th speed of light in distinctly. The final ca exampleetary body for intent concern which is cipher Management Institute USA ease the invention and it is comprehensively explained in the suffer Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide) further (PIM, 2017).In meeting victoriousness of the get a line, it is decisive to understand and device the s obliterate cycle. Project cycle is the distinguish concept which is discussed massively in the subject of Project Management and it has been acknowledge as the methodical sequence of cohesive set of tasks which argon qu antified, sodding(a) in stages, in ensuring the achievement of the confinement (Forsberg, 2005).Hemas Holding PLC, with a famous history of 65 years, has become a key blue hinderance comp any diversified in to five principal(prenominal) fields. The heavenss argon videlicet FMCG, Health care, Leisure, Transport (logistic) and other. Hemas FMCG serving the Sri Lankan customer petty(a) via its wide tramp of products and services. The collection seized a strategic moving to the following(a) take aim through the acquisition J.L. Morison Son J matchlesss (Ceylon) PLC. likewise as a move in managed succession forge, Hemas invited Mr Steven Enderby to the Board offering the position of Chief Executive Officer. The sag ship products such(prenominal) as Baby Cheramy the Hemas brand has won the Sri Lankan mothers the true for nearly 60 years (Hemas Annual Report, 2016).1.2 Project requirements.The purpose of upgrading play proscribed 6.0 HANA to tucker S4 HANA at HEMAS F MCG sector was to enhance the Enterprise Resource prep (referred to as ERP going forward) culture within the organisation. The rapidly growing backing which pumps the highest revenues portion which is 38% require to be fully monitored (Hemas Annual Report, 2016). The controls inescapably to be fountainhead set and deviations need to be describeed in a quantifyly manner.Figure 1 FMCG Sector Vs. Group murder1.3 Hemas FMCG strategy and feasibility of the ERP come out.Hemas founded under the vision of Enriching Lives and they do counselling on it heavily. Hemas history has shaped the ways and means that is se the potential. The consistent move in generating organic as well as inorganic harvest-tide had positively shocked on enriching the value of the Hemas situationholders today. The ERP disgorge murder get out benefactor the organisation to be well aligned to its Vision 2020, concept and there five-year strategic plan (Hemas Annual Report, 2016).The advancement in im pairment of the s tin 6.0 leave alone allow the HEMAS FMCG sector to cater to the customer requirements and to meet demand. This would decommission to the highest degree of supporting arrangements bring all them under one clay in an advance tech platform.1.4 fool 6.0 to sap S4 feasibility study.The device on HEMAS FMCG, run through 6.0 HANA advertize int bars further improvements in to the EPR that they go bad at the moment and this system mount entrust managed by the global poop out Functional aggroup and the perishing over go away happen to the Hemas somatic IT. The creation of blue print copy leave behind be through by this team and overly hey leave behind do the pilot lapse readying and monitor at FMCG sector offices located in capital of Sri Lanka (Head Office), Dankotuwa (Factory and Walisara (Finish good warehouse). therefrom upgrading ERP in Hemas FMCG allow be driven by the follow upd global SAP team which go away be and also will be facilitated b y Attune Lanka. Attune is the local consultant for SAP implementation and invokes.Attune has shown is positive track records in SAP related visits. The company is very experienced in SAP implementation which is attached to MAS meeting. Attune with its localized experience they support the implementation and upgrade tasks locally while connecting the procedures with the global consultants and the locally ground end exploiters.The SAP S4 Project call for be sponsored with US $1.5 Mn and this is forecast base on number of operators involved in the Sri Lankan operations. The approximate representing was carried out based on similar throw offs which were carried out for different agency offices. The Hemas group will be funded the full cipher which will be repaid to the group by the FMCG sector in 5 years meter. This is contingent as the Revenue growth % is at 20.2% for 2016 (Hemas Annual Report, 2016).2.1 Statement of work (SOW)Hemas FMCG sector SAP 6.0 HANA Upgrade to SAP S4 will have the following vituperative areas as per the Statement of work.Scope of workUpgrade of SAP ERP will bring in all the deceases such as Demand readying team, Material Requisition team, Procurement, Stores, look Assurance, Finance, selling and HR. Currently HR is non structured within the ERP but with SAP S4 HANA the Hemas FMCG will be fully integrated.Since the data is currently is the same platform the integration will non be complex and sequence consuming. Following will be the main functions which will enjoy the facilities of the system upgrade.Demand Planning Material planningProcurement OP (Purchase Ordering) processProduction Production planningStores/ Warehouse GRN (Goods Receive) and nervous strain control timber Assurance grapheme check and release mad materialFinance General Ledger and Financial reportingMarketing and scattering- Releasing the Finish goods to the marketProject duration/ computeThe evaluate age for the upgrade is 6 months start ing form upgrade, pilot slide by and handing over. This will include the initial test run as well as most critical go live kind. The total SAP S4 upgrade is spitted in to phases for the monitoring and control purpose.The funds need to be allocated to manage the represent and expenses. Hence a reckon is allocated separately which is USD 1.5 Mn.SAP S4 Project time linesSAP S4 HANA Gantt map on DeliverablesKey deliverables of the projectThe key goal is to successfully upgrade the SAP 6.0 HANA in to the SAP S4 HANA. Hemas FMCG Sector intends to integrate the Human Resource (HR) function also to the ERP which in not at present.The SAP S4 platform will enhance the rectitude and will improve the discourse which will be faster and safer in an email based operation.Efficiency improvements will keep in the eventuality. debt instrument and billetThe SAP Upgrade Project team headed by the Hemas FMCG sector Project Manager will be the ultimate responsible political party where as all team instalment of the project team will have an equal portion of the responsibility to deliver the a successful SAP upgrade. Mainly the time lines and the direct of success will be monitored and the budget inevitably to be managed. The SAP Upgrade Project jitney will be appointed by the Hemas FMCG Sector management were the member form apiece functional are will be added to forge the presence and brining in judgements to meet the specific expectations of the project. The project handler focus is to monitor the project with the assistance of the functional consultants. Attune Lanka will be responsible for the realizing the project in meeting expected responses.In cast to nock the project a success the Project manager call for to be provided with Resource in terms of Human Capital as well as knowledge, equipment and funds. Scope will provide necessary acquit line which the project team will follow where the excellent direct of leadership will drive the team live for it s results. According to Laufer, it is put right that comprehensive understanding of the project via clear background knowledge will facilitate the Project Manger to monitor the deadlines and cost factors ensuring no overrun in the two elements (Laufer, 2012).Project planning, phase monitoring, releasing the resource on time carry outs on deviation and contingency palling are critical elements. Communication gaps necessitate to be narrowed down where keeping the good set of stake holder on the same page with updated information.2.2 Work Breakdown social system of the SAP S4 HANA upgrade project.The project at Hemas FMCG sector on SAP ERP 6.0 HANA upgrade to S4 HANA will flow through 6 months which is starting form the Project Kick off team formation to Go-live signoff. The total project can be broadly split in to key 5 areas which are clearly shown within in Project Life motorcycle (PLC) as below.Scope definitionUnderstanding the goal of the project is vital which happens in this stage. The GAP analysis will facilitate the stakeholders to understand Where are we and Where we need to go. The basic planning comes in handy whereas project time lines and resource realisation and nettisation occur.Project SAP S4 planning aft(prenominal) the resource are finalised the deliverables will be clearly defined and responsibilities of to each one and every member of the team will be explained recorded and with authority aims to act upon. Planning and Segregation duties will be performed by the Project manager which take to be rolled out with proper finding making and leadership.Execution controlMonitoring and control of the SAP project is while the project is on the go is a staple action needs to be taken during this stage. Basically implementation, review and control occur ensuring schedules are on track. Deviations needs to be monitored and problem solving and last making plays a major roll during the session. Also the updated information needs to be repo rted to key stakeholders at the Hemas FMCG Sector.Project evaluationIn terms of evaluation the test is carried out as in the implementation stage the project is on-going and controlled to meet the desired outcomes. The testing is carried out by deriving reports where the Test Data in faded to the system and canvass against the previous report whether the output is correct and process is unruffled. All testing results and outcomes needs to be kept in documented form and the promote will be reportedCompletionFocusing on the Project Life Cycle this is the last stage of the project, where an sound judgment is make against true(a) and expected outcomes. The delivery of the project results and handing over the project is occurred. The experience and the leanings of the general project are identified via a post goal study and the points are recorded to be used in upcoming projects. The explanations for any deviations of the SAP S4 HANA upgrade will be reported with actions take n.As per Allen, the final exploiter repeatance testing needs to be carried out and performed during apogee stage and results needs to be checked and verified against project plan (Allen, 2004).Work Break down structure for the SAP S4 HANA upgrade project can be developed as provided below. The work is divided in to main five phases considering the project life cycle. The sub tasks are the reflecting telescope of the main ones.3.1 Network DiagramThe success of the project is what everyone intends. The introductoryities of each project are different to each other. The Network diagram represents the priorities that need to be in the SAP upgrade project demonstration the sequence of the activities allowing the Project management team to focus on the critical travel guidebook which project should flow.Having the network diagram and understanding the critical path of activities create much visibility about the tasks processed and in the same time tasks can be managed in recount t o assist utmost vital tasks of the entire project which cannot be compromised at any cost (Young, 2000).In order to identify the dependencies between the activities the below predecessor table needs to be prepared. Then the Network Diagram will be drawn based on the predecessor table where the Project team will bring in following tasks.Gathering necessary resources the right teamIdentifying each sub tasks which supports the key taskPutting the tasks in the sequence ( on with dependencies)Allocating qualified time for each of the tasksCalculating the least possible time for the most time consuming will identified as critical path finally.Calculate the earliest completion and latest completion times specify and review the diagram via a brainstorming session3.2 Network diagram Critical PathThese two are popular terms discussed in Project management which facilitate the project deadlines demonstrating the time frames in in writing(p) for.4.1 Proposed budget for the project.The cost factor is critical for any project as SAP upgrade. The budget needs to be managed by the project management team. When there are low budgets and restriction it will hinder the mount up and the success of the SAP project. A well-managed budget assistances to manage the funds and to optimum utilisation of resources. Also even the ultimate responsibility is to manage the budget is with the Project manager, the each and every team member needs to make sure that the tasks they are working on are operating and emotional on time were the time factor can make a huge effect on the Budget if it gets dragged. Experienced gained form prior project related to implementation or upgrade will help the project manager and his team in ascertaining the consumption patterns..This specific project on SAP system upgrade will not be that tough as the SAP ERP 6.0 is already running live at the Hemas FMCG sector from 2005. During the progression of the project if the team decides that resource needs to be enhanced additional resources needs to be allocated which will result in Budget expansions.4.2 Cost distribution plan SAP upgrade.The cost distribution plan demonstrates that the cost or rather the expense level at each stage of the project. This can be broken into weeks. Total spending against the each phase spending can be recognised via the cost distribution plan.Any deviation in the project which occurs subsequently will require additional funds to be spent. The cost distribution plan ensures that the organization is exactly planning the expenditure and the timing of the cost in the most appropriate manner.Hemas FMCG sector SAP S4 upgrade can be shown via the Cost distribution plan as below. (Values in USD 000s).There can be any type of the Project but Project woodland management engages with all the controls and monitoring with regard to the feel of the project, as that formula it expected by all the stakeholder as a key result of the project. The aspect of Quality Mana gement can be discussed as follows. direct of Customer SatisfactionThe project goal in to get come down the project goals and to witness the advantages of the project. Mostly a project is carried out to follow out the customer requirements. When considering the SAP S4 HANA system the upgrade form SAP 6.0 HANA, the end users expect to enjoy the latest facilities in deriving report with more information, processing activities faster, more integration, user friendliness etc. Also since the HR will also get integrated to the Hemas FMCG sector operation via the system upgrade will result in a fully-fledged SAP experience in the eventuality.Continuous EnhancementThe competition is at another level as is immense in the modern era. There is no time to relax. An ERP system facilitates the entire operation of the organisation to it will help the free burning improvement in terms of Total Quality Management (TQM) and concepts such as Zero Defects, Six sigma. The Hemas FMCG sector had a growt h of 23% against 2015 financial year, and will be growing at a rate. Hence the sector needs more focus in the improving infinitely (Hemas Annual Report, 2016).Prevention over examinationThe cost of quality measurements are considered under this whether it is discussed that precautionary actions will help the organisation to succeed. This can be further discussed as cost of conformance and non-conformance. Basically the system upgrade in to SAP S4 will help Hemas FMCG to further look in to prevention and examinations while to operations grow at a rate.5.1 Quality AssuranceThe topic of Quality Plan describes the identification of quality requirements of the projects and ensures the project is carried out within the quality boundaries. The output of a proper quality plan will be quality management plan, quality rhythmic pattern and the fact of quality enhancements which is also known as process improvements plan.Quality Assurance can be broadly defined as the plan and systematic acti ons executed in a quality system in order to ensure the quality requirements for a specific product or service will be fulfilled. When considering the quality assurance techniques cost attain analysis, cost of quality, benchmarking, control check lists and Fish borne diagrams are discussed.Cost of QualityThe expenses that occur in Quality Management process is discussed in expound where and more focus will be to Prevention cost as that can be managed internally via improvements whereas Appraisal cost in outer which the customers of Hemas FMCG get to know.BenchmarkingComparing the SAP 4S at Hemas with another organisation which is already will allows the project team and the stakeholder to identify how the system upgrade is and the success rate. What is to be learnt and how Hemas FMCG could improve the performance of the overall organisation.Flow chartsThe flow chart represents the sequence of the project progress in a graphic manner. Also this enables the SAP S4 project team to v isualize the associated points and processes of the upgrade. Key decision points are identified via the chart and close monitoring can be through with(p) based on the identified facts.5.2 Quality ControlAfter the completion of the Project the Quality control mechanism takes place focusing on principles of the quality assurance. Quality control check is vital action that needs to be taken to verify whether the output of the project of SAP S4 system upgrade has been executed without any deviations from the original plan. The completed project will not have any advantage of this as this is an audit done upon post completion however the learning point of the upgrade project can be carry forward to make sure the future projects are performed with more care and control (Project Management Institute, 2017).The take chances Management plan is another crucial factor of a project as this facilitates in identification of happen of the specific project, assessing the seek and mitigating the risk. The risk vulnerability of the Hemas FMCG sector can be identified as follows.Risk identification wish of high level of integrations HR functions separatelyLow level of requirement gathering and understandingNo having sufficient knowledge by the end user on tacking the SAP S4 HANA fractional user acceptance procedureLack of proper testing by the end userRisk of not terminate in 2017 Q4 as plottedRisk of budget over run in terms of cost and time6.2 Risk assessmentThe risk exposures will help the risk assessment. This needs to be done with the comprehensive understanding of rick level and probability of occurrence. The practicality will also need to be counted in assessing the risk. earlier knowledge in SAP 6.0 HANA implementation occurred in 2005 will be useful in upgrading the existing ERP system at Hemas FMCG sector to the next level which is SAP S4 HANA.Maintenance of a risk register along with the risk assessment is the responsibility of the project team where the inform ation needs to be shared in a frequent manner with the germane(predicate) parties in order to eliminate risks as much as possible to ensure the success of the SAP S4 upgrade project. Proper documentation and monitoring is important. SAP S4 HANA upgrade at Hemas FMCG identified risks in the risks identification phase will be utilised in processing the risk assessment as below.6.3 Risk mitigation planRisk mitigation is all about taking action for the per-identified risks and taking prompt action to abate the negative impact which arises from them based on the priorities identified via the risk assessment.The Risk identified needs to address as below.Lack of high level of integrations HR functions separatelyThe HR function not being integrated to the system leads to communication gaps. Hence the risk of brining in HR functionLow level of requirement gathering and understandingThe risk of not gathering important information on the requirements will change the scope and having a reason able level of braining storming with members form all the function will mitigate the risk.No having sufficient knowledge by the end user on tacking the SAP S4 HANAIt is pointless having sophisticated systems if the end users do not know how to use them. Ultimately the investment will be just another useless project. The end users need to be minded(p) proper training which motivates them to use the system frequently without any fear.Incomplete user acceptance procedureAll the users are required to accept the system via proper documentation. This is important is change management as smooth the users needed to get shifted to the new system in an appropriate way.Lack of proper testing by the end userThis needs to be mitigated by running several test runs and 100% trueness test which is the only method to do so.Risk of not completing in 2017 Q4 as plannedProject plan execution at its best will remove any risk in delaying the project. The project team needs to coordinate well and execute the actions on time as agreed. Any deviations need to be communicated clearly with prior hand allowing the Project manager to take precautionary actions. Hemas financial year ends by 31st March 2018 and the on time completion will allows the Hemas FMCG to do a parallel run in the SAP S4 HANA.Risk of budget over run in terms of cost and timeBudget needs to be managed as that has being agreed after a proper analysis which is USD 1.5 Mn. The perfect execution of project plan will mitigate this risk. Also having a supplementary budget for contingency will always help.Communication which leads to lot of issues due the gaps is the procedures. There is a prevalent importance of proper communication for the success of the project. As per the SAP upgrade in Hemas FMCG sector there are key stake holders including Project team, management of FMCG sector, group IT, group Internal Audit team, shareholders etc. who needs to be managed with proper information. Hence communication plan will help to execute that smoothly. Sound level of communication needs to be handled by the project manager by himself and which will be replicated the project team member in the eventuality (Kliem, 2007).Communication plan needs to be equipped with,Standard format and levels of communicationThe modes which are intended to use Calls, Meetings, Memos, and Conference Calls etc.Responsibility of communication flowFrequency of the and the activities which is communicated formally and informallyHow to fulfil the requirements of stakeholders in terms of communication. Timing and controls.In managing the communication requirements of the SAP S4 upgrade the below communication plan can be utilised.Hemas FMCG Sector SAP ERP system upgrade will be a challenge as the success of the project has a major impact to the Group as FMCG sector is the key revenue generator with 38% contribution. The challenges and the complexities can be managed via comprehensive understanding and smooth function of the project management methodology. The said project team need to be build up and equipped with necessary resources and skills to ensure a success of the upgrade project.It is a very critical move that the management decided by cultivating the idea of the SAP system upgrade. The intended results can be achieved as the report emphasise the face of on time quality deliverable in all the tasks of the full project. As mentioned above the leadership of the Project manager and the active participation of the team members are also critical as they are the driving force of the SAP upgrade process in to SAP S4 HANA in Hemas FMCG Sector. Also following proper quality plan, risk management plan and communication plan project team will be more prepared to possible issues that may arise in the project.

Introduction to Contract Law

Introduction to Contr work Law squelchA attempt is a heavy stick mingled with two companies, personal credit linees or dissociateies that unites them in an musical arrangement which is protected by law. A fix in the midst of the disjointies female genitalia be make outd verbally, in composing, by conduct or by all these means.And this submit becomes a valid make out if it has all the ingrained elements described as follows It is important to mention that hire is enforceable all if all these elements atomic number 18 hold in the adopt.ESSENTIALS ELEMENTS OF A BUSINESS CONTRACT AND THEIR IMPORTANCEi). assert and toleration Offer is the starting point of the contr forge. In smart influence to create centralise there must be a definite and well-defined physical object by one party (which provide show willingness of the offeror for an implement) and exceed acceptance of the same by the other party. While fashioning an offer the fling party whitethorn spe cify the time go down for validity of the offer but even if its non specified, the offer will be valid for a logical time period, until accepted or cancelled by the offering party.The acceptance of the offer and that means mount acceptance to what is being offered non partial (partial acceptance is a counter-offer, which invalidates the skip), validates the offer to transform it into a contract.Though all the elements must be present to create a contract, but offer and acceptance make the derriere of the contract or it actually lays the foundation of the heavy agreement between the parties.ii). Intention to create good relationship A contract requires that the parties aim/propose to enter into a de jure binding agreement i.e the parties incoming into the contract atomic number 18 willing to create legal relations and to the full recognise that the agreement can be enforced by law. If a contract has been signed between two parties, then one party will be able to sue the o ther if it does not touch the contractual provisions.iii). Competency or ability to score into a contract The law does not give everyone the liberty to enter into a contract alternatively certain specific qualifications atomic number 18 prescribed to achieve the faculty to get into a contract. To be legally competent to enter into contract one must be of the age of majority (should not be minor), having sound mind and has not been disqualified by any(prenominal) law.iv). drop off consent Free consent is an essential element of a valid contract. It is inborn for any agreement that all the parties must agree to a greenness goal. To create a valid contract, mere consent is not enough, rather the consent must be free consent jibe to law A free consent is not caused by, coercion, un ascribable influence, fraud, legerdemain and mistake.v). Lawful love In order for a contract to be binding it must be held up by valuable consideration. Consideration is what each party gives to t he other as the agreed legal injury for the others promises. usually the consideration is the payment of money but it need not be it can be anything of value including the promise not to do nearlything, or to refrain from exercising some right-hand(a). Money, goods and services atomic number 18 the most common vitrines of consideration.vi). Lawful heading The object of an agreement must be valid. Object is the purpose or design of the contract. For example, if a building is hired to apparatus a line, say private hostel, the object of the contract is to run a private hostel.vii). Possibility of performance If the agreement is about ac action which is legally, physically or practically impossible, then it cannot be enforced by law. So if an agreement fails to satisfy the legal requirements, it cannot turn into a contract, rather a void agreement.viii). Not decl ared void or iniquitous The agreement though satisfying all the conditions for a valid contract must not suck up b een expressly declared void by any law in force, in the country.TASK-1(b)IMPACT OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONTRACT1). Unilateral embrace In a unilateral contract the offering party makes a promise in return of specific act by the accepting party. For example a sum of money whitethorn be offered by the offeror in return of provision of selective information by the other. If the offeree gives acceptance, then this act is enough to get the parties into legal binding or contract. This contract is also preconditioned as a one-sided contract wherein only one party (offeror) assumes the obligation under the contract.2). Bilateral select In bilaterally symmetric contracts some(prenominal) the parties make promises the offeror promises to do an act in return of the promises of the acceptor. For example sale of goods or services. In bilateral contract, two the parties are chute to fulfill the legal injury of the agreement.3). Speciality Contract It is a formal contract, used in various b usiness proceedings such(prenominal) as lease of property and in partnership deeds. In this, both the parties sign a written contract as a documentary proof of the contract and both must retain the double of the contract.4). Standard Contract When two companies enter into an agreement to do business together, the agreement is sealed and documented to form a meter contract. For example two policy companies can get into an agreement they would be legally bound and can sue each other in incase of breach of contract.5). Verbal Contract It is based on verbal converse of the espial parties but it is not documented or there is no formal evidence of the contract. So these contracts may give rise to disputes and cannot be challenged legally, in absence of evidence.6). Written Contract In written contract, the damage are clearly convey and agreed upon by the contracting parties, at the time of contract formation. The written contract is signed by both the parties as documentary eviden ce for the legal binding.7). Implied Contracts As the name implies, the monetary value in this contract may not be clearly expressed in words but it comprises of the obligations arising from the agreement. For this contract there is an act or conduct of a party that legally binds them and court implies the contract depending on the nature of the conduct. This may be implied in case of renewal of contracts between two contracting parties.8). Simple Contract The contracts must be kept in written form so that both the parties fully understand the bournes of the contract, which may give them a legal protection in case of breach of the contract or damages caused by the contracting party. It might be in written or verbal form.9). nullify Contract It is not a valid contract at all. It has no legal effect and it is not enforceable. An example is the one where the subject of the contract is illegal.10). Valid Contract A valid contract contains all essential elements of a contract, thus i s legally binding and enforceable (as explained in detail).TASK-1(c) core and effect of different types of terms in a contract.Terms are the promises the parties make to one another as part of the contract. The terms thus determine the rights and obligations of each party to the agreement.Express terms. These are promises specifically do by any of the parties at the time of the contract and it becomes part of the contract.Implied terms Implied terms are promises which are not specifically agreed by the parties, they may not even acquire been mentioned or considered, but which are nonetheless presumed to be part of the contract. Terms may come to be implied into contracts, either by Parliament under a statute or by the courts.It is well established that a contract may be subjected to terms that are sanctioned by the custom, whether commercial or otherwise, they have not been expressly mentioned by the parties. .3. Conditions and Warranties Contract terms have either been classifi ed as conditions or warranties for the purpose of deciding what remedy is addressable to the innocent party in the case of a breach.4. In key (intermediate) Terms According to this approach, the innocent party will only be able to terminate the contract if the effect of the breach was to deprive him of comfortably the whole benefit of the contract. 5. Exclusion clauses Many contracts include a term by which one party stresss to limit financial claims against it in the face of loss or damage to the other party, or to exclude itself from legal liability altogether. Exclusion clauses are subject to control by both the courts and statute, to prevent abuses.TASK-2Barker and Clive SolicitorsClegdonJanuary 25, 2015Carl Smith readiness OfficerAddress. core Legal issues and laws involved in online grease ones palms of goods.Dear Carl,Hope that this earn finds you in good spirit. I am writing to you in reply to your allowter wherein you have inquired about the legal issues involved in online purchase of a set of DVDs on Team-building training.I have studied your issuing and want to inform that Under the Consumer Contracts Regulations your right to cancel an order starts the issue you lay your order and doesnt end until 14 days from the day you watch your goods.Once the contract is cancelled, any credit agreements entered into at the time of the contract are cancelled as well. A number of laws give consumers a legal right to cancel contracts in specific transactions within a short time after the consumer signs the contract, and without giving the seller or other party a reason or having to show legal cause.In order to cancel, the buyer must sign and date the cancellation notice, which must subject that the buyer is canceling the contract. The buyer should send the notice to the seller by certify mail, return receipt requested, at the address that the seller has given in the sale documents. The buyer should keep a copy of the notice for his or her own reco rds, and to be able to prove that the notice was given and what was said. Since you e-mailed guileless Training to cancel the order in less than an hour, then your order may be cancelled by virtue of law. beam Training invited you with their advertisement showing the price 75 for the DVD set. Law considers the price tag as an invitation for you to make an offer to purchase the item at that price. The offer was clear, definite and explicit and there was nothing to negotiate, then your acceptance completed the contract on the terms specified by Direct Training at the time you placed the order. However, if the price advertize on the website turns out to be incorrect, then they do not have a legal commitment to complete the sale By law an advertise price is not a contract of sale, so the seller can refuse to complete the transaction if the price has changed, in likelihood that advertised price was not deliberately misleading.If there is an obvious error in a price displayed, the suppl ier will not be bound by that price if the supplier corrects the error and informs the consumer of the correct price beforehand the sale is concluded. The supplier is not obliged to sell the goods to the consumer at the evidently incorrect price. Since Direct Training corrected the error and informed you via e-mail, they are not bound by law to sale the DVD set on the erroneous price. So, its better not to expect any party favor as it is unlikely that any action will result in compensation especially as technically the product was not sold. aft(prenominal) having discussed the legal issues in detail, it would be more practical and advisable if you let the order completed with Classical training instead of direct training. It would at least save 10 to the company.Hope that the letter has addressed the right legal concerns.Sincerely,TASK-3Barker and Clive Solicitors ClegdonJanuary 25, 2015Dear Lan Page,I am writing you with reference a letter from an apprentices fret. Asads mother wrote about the details of the apprenticeship they entered with Mr.Abdul Bashir. The apprenticeship signed between Mr. Abdul Bashir and asad legally binds them into contract for a period of three years. As per law, the training contract legally binds Asad and Abdul Bashir for the term of the apprenticeship (3 years). The standardized contract terms define the obligations of apprentice. Moreover, if Mr. Abdul Bashir is offering apprenticeships for quite some time now, it must have also been signed/approved by a regulatory body, by approving the given terms and conditions. As long as everything within the contract is agreed upon and signed and go out by both parties, it is legally binding.2). When two companies enter into an agreement to do business together, the agreement is sealed and documented to form a standard contract. The prominent advantage is that minimum risks are involved and reduce legal costs. The standard contracts also provide greater certainty regarding the contract terms, providing clear legal specification and protection to both the parties. It saves time and costs by leaving little room for negotiations.The main disadvantage of the standardized contract is the Boilerplate. It is what has been deliberately missed out of the contract. So, winning a dispute would not bring any advantage if the person issuing the contract has deleted the part that says the loser in litigation will pay the winners attorney fees. another(prenominal) problem with boilerplate is the section that says disputes will be resolved by arbitrament instead of a lawsuit.Price fixing is another disadvantage of normalization of contract prices are made part of the standardization.Language problem is a major disadvantage. Use of some words may change a simple proposal to an obligation. Just as specified in article (a) of the standardized contract Asad signed in apprenticeship.The standardized contract inherently favours the issuing party. Like it favous Mr. Abdul Bashir being the employer and issuer of apprenticeship terms.Would be waiting for your take on the same.Regards...TASK-4Barker and Clive Solicitors ClegdonJanuary 25, 2015Hotsafe Ltd.Vicarious liability occurs in case of breach of any term or part of the contract by an employee acting on behalf of the company thus the owner of the company will be held liable. equivalent rule applies in the case of various contracts and business dealings. As per rendering of Winfield, Liability arises from the breach of the business, as fixed by law. Thus substantiative responsibility lies on Hotsafe Ltd as a result of inability to act out the service by one of the employee of the company the breach of the duty calls for compensation of unliquidated damages.Legal liability in this case arises as a result of breach of contract that you have entered into with Garside. The damages occurred to Garside are the result of negligence. And negligence has significant affect in business contracts. As per business contr act signed between your company and Garside, your company was obligated to abide out the service as per schedule. As per law, if a party to a contract suffers loss for the negligent act of the other, the complainant is entitled to seek relief for the negligence. The presumed negligence in this case is satisfying the four conditions for the confront of damages.Your company was bound to perform the legal duty.Failed to perform that dutyThe plaintiff (Garside) suffered an injury or a lossThe negligent act is the immediate cause of the injury.You will have a defense against this negligence only if the negligence act also has some contribution on part of Garside, depending upon his share in this negligence. But this can only be investigated on courts order.Another defense would be to show that you have taken all reasonable steps to ensure the prevention of such acts or omissions therefore providing a statutory defense. If you are having in place an up to date policy, a code of conduc t, responsibility division and fixing, use trainings, and clearly communicated policies to all the employees of Hotsafe Ltd. In this case , any incident resulting due to negligence of an employee should be followed by a strict action against the employee. This may save the company against any serious damage claim.I bank that this would give the necessary legal perspective on the issue and you get out of it with the appropriate measures.Regards..ReferencesWebpageshttp//legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Types+of+Contractshttp//ncllive.com/sites/default/files/Documents/Manual of HND Aspects of Contract and Negligence in Business Final_0.pdfhttp//www.plea.org/legal_resources/?a=646searchTxt=housecat=7pcat=4http//legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/apprenticeshiphttp//legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/inhttp//training.qld.gov.au/resources/apprentices/pdf/apprenticeship-traineeship-guide.pdfhttps//www.gov.uk/government/publications/apprenticeship-agreement-templatehttp//ww w.skills.sa.gov.au/DesktopModules/Bring2mind/DMX/Download.aspx?Command=Core_DownloadEntryId=114PortalId=0TabId=1004http//smallbusiness.chron.com/disadvantages-using-standard-contracts-31472.htmlhttp//www.claytonutz.com/publications/ discussion/200712/05/tips_for_using_standard_form_contracts.pagehttp//www.ukessays.com/essays/construction/the-importance-of-using-standard-forms-of-contracts-in-construction-industry.phphttp//scholarship.law.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3364context=wmlrhttp//www.acquisition.gov/far/html/Subpart 22_4.htmlhttp//www.contract/Importance Of The Essential agent Law Contract Essay (1).mhthttp//www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/600206/tort/16466/Comparative-classificationhttp//thismatter.com/money/insurance/legal-liability.htm- End -1 Page